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الرئيسية > النشاط القنصلى الفرنسى فى القد...>الوصف

النشاط القنصلى الفرنسى فى القدس الشريف ( 1840 - 1900 م )

المؤلف الرئيسي: الجبورى، نوار حسين مصطفى (مؤلف)
مؤلفين آخرين: عبدالجبوري، أحمد حسين (مشرف)
التاريخ الميلادي: 2013
موقع: تكريت
التاريخ الهجري: 1434
الصفحات: 1 - 208
رقم MD: 614766
نوع المحتوى: رسائل جامعية
اللغة: العربية
الدرجة العلمية: رسالة ماجستير
الجامعة: جامعة تكريت
الكلية: كلية التربية
الدولة: العراق
قواعد المعلومات: Dissertations
مواضيع:
القدس | القنصليات | العلاقات الدبلوماسية | فرنسا
رابط المحتوى:
صفحة العنوان     
المستخلص     
قائمة المحتويات     
24 صفحة الأولى     

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المستخلص: The city of Jerusalem one of the oldest Islamic cities in the past and the present, as still and will remain the capital of an important Arab cities as it represents the importance of the religious of all sects and denominations (Muslims, Christians, and Jews), and for this reason make it an anchor historically, and a source of religious thought and civilization, which make it an international conflict zone, this conflict is mixed with sometimes religious emotions by trying every sect to prove her rights to this spot. Jerusalem entered in a dangerous turn in its history with the entry of the third decade of the nineteenth century, has created difficult conditions experienced by the population, as well as the force that became the viceroy Muhammad Ali Pasha and his adoption of an expansionist policy, to exploit the vulnerability, which was experienced by the Ottoman Empire,the success of this Governor of annexing Jerusalem to his authority, for ten years almost (1831-1840 AD), and this was long enough to change the overall situation in Jerusalem, and drastically, have led the policy of tolerance which pursued by the governor Mohammad Ali Pasha with non-Muslim communities, as well as expand the system European protection to these communities to open the door wide Jerusalem for these countries to interfere in Jerusalem as you want. France has had a prominent role and important role in this new situation that occurred in the Holy City of Jerusalem, with increased French attention in the city under an era rule vali Muhammad Ali Pasha to the Levant exploiting the good relations that were between the governor and the French, so France entered in an international conflict in this region to protect its interests with regard to the holy places, and nationals of foreign countries Christians of the Ottoman Empire. This increased intervention after exclusion vali Mohammed Ali Pasha of the Levant exploit what was experienced the Ottoman state of weakness and decadence, and at all levels, making the issue of Jerusalem since 1840, in the lead among the problems that were experienced by the Ottoman Empire in the second half of the nineteenth century .

Hence the choice of the subject, as it represents the historical era critical stage in the history of Jerusalem, it announced the end of an important historical era, the end of an Egyptian control on Jerusalem and the return of Jerusalem to the fold of the Ottoman Empire,after having separated from the body of the Ottoman Empire for ten years ago, and the beginning of a new phase was beginningof aregular and expanded consulate business, and the emergence of Jerusalem as a focus of European diplomacy activities. Necessary division of the study to pavement and four chapters and a conclusion was enough to give a very simple image about the reality of the French consular activity in Jerusalem, the boot has dealt with (the historical roots of French consular activity in Jerusalem), which could be argued that arose with the emergence of the system of foreign privileges and it development and after the contract of the first treaty in (1535) between the Ottoman sultan Sleman AL-qanunee(1520-1566) and the French king Farncois ler(1515-1547) , aftre the great development in the relations between the two country . The first chapter left to the study of (The political and religious French consular activity in Jerusalem), has been divided into two sections, discussed the First research (the role of consuls in develop relations between France and the Catholic Ottoman Empire until the nineteenth century) and its width expanded the roots of the relationship between France and the Catholic Ottoman Empire, which began French Ottoman treaty contract for the year 1535, and which have continued since then, until the First World War, While the second touched section to (the role of consuls in developing the relationship between France and Catholics of the Ottoman Empire during the nineteenth century) and how March consuls France played an important role over allegations of France in the protection range of Catholics in Jerusalem and enter into conflicts with European countries to work on the monopoly in the protection of this community .

Form (the role of consuls in the French economic activity in Jerusalem) title for the second semester has included four sections, the first section was dedicated to show the economic importance of the city by highlighting the agricultural side of the Holy City of Jerusalem. The industrial side of the city, the industry was divided into two types, the first is used for domestic consumption, such as the dairy industry and sweetness, halva and other, and the second type was manufactured for export. With regard to the side of downtown Jerusalem has benefited Christians of trade concessions granted by the Ottoman Empire to foreign countries in Jerusalem, as well as the exploitation of the people of Jerusalem pilgrimages to carry out trade and sell their goods domestic arrivals to the city, and who come from different Arab and foreign countries . Showing the second section of the second chapter the role of foreign concessions in support of French consular activity, and how increased privileges of consuls and drove them influence the scope of their business. Care of the third section the French commercial activity in Jerusalem and the role of the consuls, which included all business dealings between France and the Holy City of Jerusalem. The fourth section of the second chapter me the subject of land acquisition for the French in Jerusalem and the role of consuls, and we have talked about the roots of land tenure in Jerusalem which returns its beginnings to the era of Egyptian rule in the Levant (1831-1840 AD). The third chapter Me (b policy consuls French in Jerusalem to Jews and their support for the Jewish state's creation) has addressed this topic first it (relations French Jewish until the nineteenth century) and the beginning of the relationship between the French and the Jews since their presence in France and the position of the population of them, and how he Jews a source of hatred and hatred by the French. Also addressed the second section (French policy toward the Jews and the role of consuls in immigration to Jerusalem during the nineteenth century) and the evolution of the Jewish question in the course of Egyptian rule of Palestine, as well as the role of the French to establish a Jewish state in Palestine. While the fourth quarter focused on (missionary activity, cultural and urban French consulate in Jerusalem), and a section of this chapter into three sections, the first section dealt with French missionary activity in Jerusalem. Occur the second section on the role of France in the archaeological excavations that took place in Jerusalem, especially the French Consul Paul Emile Botta, which is one of the greatest explorer archaeological world, especially after the appointed consul of France in Jerusalem in 1848 AD, which was a clear indication of interest in French growing knowledge effects. The third section devoted to talk about construction projects set up by French institutions in Jerusalem and that there were many causes The conclusion included a set of scientific answers for the basic and fundamental issues in the French consular activity in Jerusalem

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