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|a يتناول البحث تجربة الشاعرة والروائية الامريكية من اصل افريقي (مايا انجلو) من خلال تجربتها كا فريقية تعيش في امريكا حيث عكست معاناتها ومعانات شعبها الاصلي وخاصتا مسئلة البقاء على قيد الحياة (الافارقة) كاقلية تعيش في دولة غير دولتهم وذات طابع حضاري واجتماعي مختلف طالبت بحريتهم ومساواتهم بالباقين ودا هذا الى خسائر بالارواح الفصل الاول عن التواصل الاجتماعي وكفاح الاجيال من كلا الجنسين من اجل الحرية والتي طالب بها (مارتن لوثر) والتي ادى الى تدمير وخسائر في الارواح الفصل الثاني تتحدث من خلال شعرها عن الشجاعة والتغلب على الصراعات العنصرية حيث فقدت الشاعرة اشخاص مقربين عليها. وهذا هو حال طلب الحرية ان تجد الوفيات مايا انجلو تتعامل مع المراءة السوداء والعلاقة بين النساء السود و البيض وحريتهم في المجتمع القسم الاخير مجموعة قصائد عن العمل الشاق والذي هو جزاء من حياة الافارقة . كذالك قسم من القصائد التي تركز عن البقاء على قيد الحياة من خلال التمسك بالدين . واستعمال النكتة الافريقية كدليل على انهم مازالو احياء حيث النكتة للافارقة ذات طابع مهم للتعايش في ما بينهم واعتبار ( النكتة و الضحك) وسيلة لتحريرهم و بقائهم على قيد الحياة في وضع صعب على الافارقة الذين يعيشون في المجتمع الامريكي.
|b This Research is going to concentrate on Angelou`s poetry published before 1995. It is poetry that she has started to write first, and she has considered herself being more of a poet than a writer for a long time. I have decided to analyze her poetry because not many critics have done it so far. It might be so because her poetry has been, generally, seen by white critics as “thin stuff” (R. B. Stepto) and “easy reading” (Carol Gargan) in terms of style. My analysis is going to be thematic. I selected poems that touch a theme of survival. Survival of human beings is something that has always attracted Angelou. “All my work, my life, everything is about survival”, Maya Angelou once declared, “But not just bare, awful, plodding survival. Survival with some style, with faith” (Conversations with Maya Angelou 13). Poems with the theme of survival are divided into two parts according to who is surviving in what kinds of conditions and what means they use. The first chapter deals with survival that can be achieved through generational continuum. Every generation of African Americans has struggled for freedom. Throughout the struggle each generation has experienced some kind of loss, destruction or even deaths. Maya Angelou writes about her people`s and her own losses extensively. That is what I try to focus on in the first subsection of the first chapter. Second subsection concentrates on gaining pride and courage to overcome the lost struggles and deaths of close people. It deals with a black woman`s pride, especially, and all the poems in that section have been written for women. The third subsection concentrates on feminism and relationship between white and black women as they have fought for their freedom, sometimes together other times apart. Fourth subsection includes poems about hard work that is a part of life of every black person, and without which they would not be able to survive. Last subsection contains poems concerning the important role grandmothers and other strong individuals have played in the survival of each generation. The second chapter focuses on survival through religion, humor and music that have been another crucial means of staying alive for black people in the United States. The first subsection of this chapter concentrates on the use of irony in African American humor, and the liberating power of laughter that together with the institution of church has had as profound impact on black people as has had the generational continuum. Spirituals sung in the church have had a strong influence on Maya Angelou`s poetry. She says: “the first poetry I ever knew was the poetry of the gospel songs and the spirituals” (Conversations with Maya Angelou 87), and therefore they have been analyzed in the subsection two. The last subsection of the second chapter deals with black music. Spirituals have evolved into more modern type of music- blues, and later on jazz. Power and strength to survive have been derived from it and from the poetry that was largely influenced by both genres.
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