| المستخلص: |
Studying the demographic phenomena for aging population is of great important in the society. Since it can reflect the socioeconomic level of the society through some indicators such as availability of medical care, social insurance, pension system and extent of participation in labor market ...etc. Social, economic and cultural characteristics of aging population are an important area of the study. Data from the census of 2006 of aging population in Egypt are analyzed in the present paper specifically on the age distribution of aging population (60 and over) in urban and rural areas and their characteristics concerning, marital status, age specific death rates, education level, and labor force structure (industry, occupation, and employment status). The main findings 1- The percentage of aging population was increased from 6.1 % in 2006 to 7.5% in 2011.The percentage also, increased between males from 6.1% to 7.5 %, and for females from 6.2% to 7.5% in the same period. 2- The percentage of aging population (60+) of males and females in urban were higher than in rural in 2006 and 2011. This increasing in 2006 and 2011 may be due to outmigration of population less than 60 years old from rural areas to urban areas. The percentage of aging population in 2006 in rural areas for male is 5.5 versus 7.2% in urban areas for female, and in urban areas the percentages ware 6.3 versus 5.7 in rural areas. We notice the same pattern in 2011 for both males and females. 3- For projection of aging population, there is an increasing trend in percentages of aging population by time for both males and females. Increasing in the aging population might be expected due to the effect of modernization which in turn leads to declining of mortality. By the year 2031, the proportion of aging population would reach to about 11.4% for males and 13.0% for females. The proportion of females would be higher than that of males in the period (2011-2031). This trend calls for paying, more attention to the aging population. 4- The rate of mortality in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas for both males and females. 5- The percentage distribution of married aging population is higher for males than females in 2010/2011. This may be due to the higher rate for remarrying of males than that of females, and to higher death rate of married males because they are of teen elder than their spouses this is indicated by higher percentage of widowed is higher for females than that for males in the same period. 6- The education level of aging population by both sex in 2010/2011 was very low. The percentage of illiterate females was higher than that of males (46.6%, 79.1%) respectively but for read and write, and for less than intermediate, intermediate and university and above categories the percentage of males was higher than that for females (33.9%, 14.2%) respectively. 7- Labor force participation rate declined by age groups for males and females in 2010/2011. 8- The age dependency ratio for aging population is 7.1% for males and 5.2% for females in 2010/2011. 9- The percentage distribution of labor force for aging population by the employment status indicates that a higher for males than females where working as self-employed and employers. 10- The percentage distribution of labor force for aging population by occupation indicates that high percentage of aging population work as farmers for both males and females that might be due to the fact that working in either agriculture is not restricted to a certain maximum age. 11- The percentage distribution of L.F for aging population by economic activity indicates that the percentage of males and females working in agriculture, hunting and fishing is the highest for both sexes in 2010/ 2011 and the percentage for females was higher than that for males. 12- There are 119 Hostels in 2010 for aging Population in some governorates in Egypt to serve 3826 persons. Cairo about 50 hostels to serve 1258 persons. Alexandria about 21 hostels to serve 1283 persons. The rest are distributed among lower and Upper Egypt 30 and 18 hostels respectively. 13- There is a decrease in clubs for aging population in Egypt from 174 clubs in 2007 to serve 40230 to 168 in 2010 to serve 27371 persons. In Cairo 32 clubs to serve 7870 persons and in Upper Egypt there are 50 clubs to serve 8324 persons and in lower Egypt 66 clubs to serve 8387 persons. 14- The percentage distribution of aging population who utilized pension system in 2012 by type of pension was (1.254) millions aging population utilized 39.1 % of them utilized disability pensions, and 22.1 % utilized aging widowed pensions.
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