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هذا البحث يتناول دراسة حديث الحوض الذي يوهم ظاهره الإشكال، وقد تعلق به بعض الشيعة مستدلين به لتكفير الصحابة رضوان الله عليهم، وقد اغتر بعض الناس بهذا الإشكال الظاهر. وحقيقة الأمر أن الحديث لا إشكال فيه عند النظر إلى جميع رواياته، وإلى أقوال السلف الصالح رحمهم الله، والحديث له صلة بمواضيع عدة من موضوعات علم العقيدة فهو يتعلق بالصحابة، كما في أحد روايته، وبأصحاب البدع والكبائر كما في الروايات الآخرى، وبمسألة الردة والإحداث، وبالحوض. وقد جعلت الدراسة في مقدمة تناولت أهمية الموضوع والحاجة إلى دراسته، وأسباب اختياري له، وصلة الموضوع بعلم العقيدة، وثلاثة مباحث هي: المبحث الأول: تناولت دراسة روايات الحديث وقد قسمتها إلى قسمين. المبحث الثاني: تناولت دراسة بعض أهم موضوعات الحديث وهي الحوض والصحابة والردة والآثار الإيمانية المترتبة على هذا الحديث. المبحث الثالث: تناولت وجه الإشكال الظاهر من لفظ الحديث، وأقوال أهل العلم لحل هذا الإشكال، وقد أوردت الإشكال عند بعض الشيعة، ومن ثم رددت عليهم بإجمال. وفي الخاتمة دونت أهم النتائج وبعض التوصيات، والتي منها: لا إشكال البتة في أحاديث الرسول النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم ولا تعارض بين الأدلة إذا فهمت ألفاظ الحديث وفق فهم السلف رحمهم الله. جميع الأقوال الواردة صحيحة وذلك بالنظر إلى الروايات مجتمعة، وتوجيه كل قول إلى الرواية المناسبة له. توجيه قول القاضي عياض وابن حجر رحمهما الله في أن أهل الكبائر وأصحاب البدع ليسوا هم المعنيون بالذود عن الحوض. لا ينطبق على من يذاد عن الحوض ممن صحب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وارتد اسم الصحبة الشرعي، لأنهم لم يموتوا على الإيمان بالنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم. الذود عن الحوض يكون لعدد من الأشخاص منهم المرتدون بعد وفاة النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، والمنافقون، وأصحاب البدع والكبائر. وهو ذود خاص.
Hadith: (Among my companions will be some men who are taken to the right and to the left. I will say: 'My companions!' It will be said: 'They continued to be apostates since you parted from them.') A Doctrinal Analytical Study". All praise be to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad and his all companions. And after: This research deals with the study of Hadith of Fount (Hauz), which deludes apparently a confusion, which some of Shiites has caught hold of, deducing from it the apostasy (Kufr) of The Companions, may Allah be pleased with them all, and some people have been deceived by this apparent confusion. The fact is that the Hadith has no complication or problem when we consider all of his narrations, and the words of Ancestors, may Allah have mercy on them. And the Hadith is in connection with a number of subjects related to the Creedal science, so it regards the topic of the Companions, as in the one of its narrations, and relates with those who committed innovations and major sins, as in its other narrations, and with the issue of apostasy, innovation, and sacred Fount of the Prophet on the Day of Resurrection. The study has been set in a preface about the subject's importance, its need to study, causes of choosing, and its connection to the subject of Doctrinal science. And in the three sections that are: The first section: A study of the Hadith's various narrations, and I divided it into two parts. The second section: I dealt with the study of some of the most important topics of the Hadith, like: The Fount, The Companions, apostasy and the effects of faith on the resulting from this Hadith. The third section: I dealt with the cause of the confusion, emerged from the Hadith verbally, and scholarly opinions to resolve this confusion, as well I have reported the very confusion quoting from some of the Shiites, and then refuted it briefly. In the conclusion I mentioned the most important results and some of the recommendations, which include: There is no confusion at all in the Sayings of the - Prophet peace be upon him – and no conflict between the textual evidences if the words of the Hadith were understood in accordance with the understanding of pious Salaf, may Allah have mercy upon them. All the quoted statements are correct, that by considering all the narrated words of the Hadith, taken together, and directing every statement to its appropriate narration. Justification of saying of Qadhi Ayadh and Ibn Hajar - may Allah have mercy upon them- about the people committed sins and innovations that they are not concerned by the Hadith of Fount. The title of Companionship does not apply legitimately to all of whom will taken away from the Fount, who accompanied the Prophet - peace be upon him - and dropped out the Religion, because they did not die in the faith of the Prophet -peace be upon him. The number of people will be taken away from the Fount, among whom: the apostates after the death of the Prophet -peace be upon him, and the hypocrites, and those who committed sins and innovations and this is a special kind of driving away from the Fount. Then I have appended to the research a catalog of the most important research references, and an index of contents. And praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds.
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