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Abstract: This paper aims at presenting and discussing agricultural development in the Sudan (before separation): potentials and challenges. It gives a brief description of the geography and environmental zonation from the arid north to the humid south and its impact on agriculture. The paper also describes the huge agricultural resource base (soil, water, plant cover and climate). The farming systems comprise the irrigated and the traditional rain-fed, including livestock herders and semi-mechanized rain-fed. In this environment, several grain crops, oil crops and horticultural crops are grown. The paper also discusses the importance of the agricultural sector in the economy and the livelihood of the population. Moreover, the challenges and factors affecting agricultural development and the agricultural strategy are discussed . The paper ends with a brief mention of the agricultural mobilization which was declared in 2008.
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