| المستخلص: |
Since the outbreak of the Egyptian uprising in January 2011, there has been a broad debate and significant shifts in terms of the identity of the state, which indicates future quality challenges. Dispute has become clear over the nature of the state between secularists and Islamists, focused on the contrast between a civil, religious and military state. The present study attempts to foresee the track of the political shift in the country by investigating three aspects. The first is the political approaches towards a civil state since the revolt, derived from documents, statements and announcements connected to the interim stage by all relevant parties. The second is the relationship between the various political and intellectual trends and their impacts on the track of the dilemma, by looking into the political employment of the concepts of ‘civil’, ‘religious’ and ‘military’ to reach what is called ‘Brotherhoodization’. The third is the impact of political parties’ different perspectives of those contradictory concepts on the building of the state and their likely scenarios. Therefore, the study is divided into three sections: Section One: political discourse of the state’s nature and identity between what is civil, religious and military Section Two: political practice Section Three: future political impacts Upon analyzing the approaches of the different parties towards a civil state, the common points are found to be very few, both in theory and practice. The alliances and relations developed in this period have not shown a common desire to arrive at such a framework. The main challenge to a civil state and ways to establish it seem to lie in the state of social and political hatred and division. The status quo indicates a rejection of both civil and religious aspects, which was not the case at the time of the uprising. The conflict between the two concepts has consolidated the control of the military establishment. This reflects the increasing gap between social and political movements in managing difference or setting alternatives to construct a political system based on mutual consent. Accordingly, after the 2012 constitutional amendments, the civil-military relation will stay in a permanent dilemma.
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