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1- Accrual accounting has a wide scope for the exercise of judgment and this requires technical knowledge, a disciplined approach and an audit system capable of monitoring how judgment is exercised .Therefore, the introduction of accrual accounting is costly, time consuming and requires a diversion of resources from other activities. It requires a great deal of co-operation from key representatives and will need significant changes of substance to the organization, procedures and responsibilities of managers. 2- Accrual accounting shows how an entity can finance its activities and meet its cash requirements. Also, it allows users to evaluate the entity’s ongoing ability to finance its activities and to meet its liabilities and commitments .So, it plans for the settlement of all recognized liabilities not just borrowings, and provides information on the impact of existing liabilities on future resources. 3- Accrual accounting shows the financial position of an entity which is useful in evaluating an entity's performance in terms of its service costs, efficiency and accomplishments. 4- Accrual accounting provides information on revenues & expenditures including the impact of transactions where cash has not yet been received or paid, as accurate information on revenue is essential for assessing the impact of taxation and other revenues .This helps both users and public sector entities themselves to assess whether current revenues are sufficient to cover the costs of current programs & services. 5- Accrual accounting provides better information than cash accounting on the actual cost of specified services delivered by entities & whether current resources are sufficient to sustain the level of service. It helps in recognizing the total costs, including depreciation of physical assets and amortization of intangible assets, of carrying out specific activities. 6- The main constraints facing developing countries in terms of changes to the basis of accounting used by government entities are likely to be the existing capability of entities in terms of accounting systems and qualified staff. Moreover, the resources restrictions mean that developing countries may require a step - by - step implementation plan. 7- The move from cash to accruals accounting by many governments is viewed as an aspect of an ongoing management agenda designed to achieve a more business and performance - focused public sector. Proponents argue that accrual accounting provides more appropriate information for decision makers and ultimately leads to a more efficient and effective public sector. 8- Accrual basis for public sector financial reporting has not gained universal acceptance except in Europe. There are a lot of countries who refuse to make the exchange, but some countries for example Romania accepted the change and started to implement accrual accounting in 2006. 9- Accrual accounting has bought benefits to the public sector as the transition required strong leadership, support, commitment, planning, system changes and considerable staff training and significant financial investment. 10- Accrual accounting is now entrenched in the Australian Government Sector and has assisted us in implementing further financial reforms. For example, Australia is one of the first countries in the world to adopt Australian equivalents of International Financial Reporting Standards in the governmental sector so the ABA has made this process easier. 11- The development of a new chart of accounts is a key step in the adoption of accrual accounting. A well - planned chart of accounts can assist in the efficient generation of financial information for a variety of purposes. \
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