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Archaeological excavations and anthropological evidence have proved that Iraq was stable in the pre-history period around the third millennium Be. Because the land of Iraq has unique geographical characterstics, it was of the first places for human settlement in the world. The human civilization knew its first evolution in Iraq as represented in the most advanced agricultarl and industrial civilization. Forms of civilization transferred to the southern part of the country around 4000 BC when factors and forms of civilization in the Uruk period became manifested as represnted by the advent of seai, bench and sculpture as well as advent of the most ancient tool for writing, The Sumerian civilization (2850-2400 BC) in Iraq was consider of the earliest human civilization which created genuine heritage. Signs of civilization was found in various Iraqi cities among them was Uruk which was considered of the most ancient cities in Iraq. It was found most likely in the early period of settlement in the south of Iraq. Settlement in this city continued till to the beginning of Islam. Warka became very famous in 4000 BC, and was one of the most beautiful Sumerian cities. Its area was seven kms and besieged by a fence of 9.5 kms with population of 50 thousand peoples and was situated on the Euphrates. Its ruins are thirty kms to the east of Samawa. It was the headquarters for the worship of god Anu and Eanna or Ishtar, the queen of Heavens. Among the kings of Uruk was king Gilgamesh who built its fences and contributed to building Anu Temple. Uruk civilization extends from 3800-3500 BC, or to 3200. It was the first civilization centres not only in Iraq but the world at large.
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