| المستخلص: |
The present research can be summarized in the following points: \ 1.\ Egypt witnessed a crisis in the regime in 1971. The heroes of that crisis were two wing. The first was headed by the President of the Republic and adopted and represented the rightist thought of July 23 Revolution or rather the late President Gamal Abdel-Nasser's thought, The second was headed by the vice-president and a number of the members of the ruling elite in the regime who adopted and represented the leftist thought of July 23 Revolution or rather President Abdel-Nasser's thought, too. \ 2.\ The signs of the discard between those two wings appeared at: several levels: domestic (represented in some laws and procedures necessary to managing citizens' daily life), regional (represented in the modification of the frameworks, methods and substance of dealing with some Arab forces, especially the radical ones), and international (represented in thinking of the possibility of dealing with western capitalist countries besides dependence on the Soviet Union). \ 3.\ The great charisma of the late President Abdel-Nasser which established his popularity inside and outside the country imposed some sort of vagueness on the policies and behavior of President Sadat in the first year of his rule, as he began to depart from the political orientations of Nasser's Age while trying to draw on the popularity and legitimacy of that regime. \ 4.\ The takeover of the presidency by the rightist camp headed by President Sadat represented a knockout to the leftist powers of Abdel-Nasser, making them shades of what was light and clouds of what was flooding rain. A leader in the Egyptian political system has a superior position which makes him the core of this system, the center of gravity in it, and often the only and single source of legitimacy. \ 5.\ The weakness of constitutional institutions, the imbalance between the three authorities (the legislative, the executive, and the judicial), and the ineffectiveness of political organization had its effect on triggering conflict within the ruling elite in the Egyptian regime and their failure to reach accord to lead the country. The rightist powers with their socialist democratic thoughts grew stronger while the leftist powers with their totalitarian socialist way weakened. \ 6.\ President Sadat achieved great success in his struggle with the leftist powers whom he called "power centers", using maneuvers, exceptional procedures, and constitutional authorities. He managed to drive them out of power and put them in prisons although they used to manage the most important elements of power and violence in the system, namely the army, the police, media, intelligence, and the Socialist Union. \ 7.\ It is clear that the May 15, 1971 Movement went in two clear directions: one destroyed all the negative aspects of the stage which led Egypt to the 1967 circumstances and events and their resulting bitterness, and the other was a constructive one aiming at strengthening positive aspects and, therefore, was a vital requirement at the intellectual and material levels. \ 8.\ After overcoming his opposing partners, President Sadat appeared as a man who sought to restructure the regime on democratic principals which augmented the role of constitutional institutions, elevated the supremacy of law. prevent transgressions against freedoms and others, and made the political, constitutional, scientific and social institutions in the country undertake their responsibilities and competences clearly and maintain a close cooperative relation without the intervention of any of them in the competences of the others. Thus, the Constitution was the first law for all authorities, and hence the restructuring of The Socialist Union, the only political organization in the country.
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