| المستخلص: |
When we write about the history of prophet Mohammed (peace and pray be upon him) we notice that he succeeded in a short time to build a complete Islamic state. The raise of this state at Medina had been associated with the Hijra (emigration), where by the basic constituent and features of that state started to be clear. As for the social side, the prophet succeeded in establishing a social system based on justice, equality and social integration, Mohammed had fraternized between Muhajeren (emigrants) and Ansar (supporters). Through a bond rested on ideology and thought rather than consanguinity. The Mosque played an important role. As the leader of state, Mohammed had organized the administration of the state in the Mosque . He had also written (The journal of Medina) which was a document where different trends in Medina, whether Islamic or Jewish, had been clustered around. The most administrative characteristics of that state was that it has been based, for the first time in Arabia, on a written constitution which was represented by the Glorious Quran and the teaching of Mohammed which are taken to be a source of legislation to the state. Islam had succeeded in chaning Yathrib from a combination of different villages distributed randomly in the center of the desert into a completely civilized center with regard to its administrative, social, economical and constructional aspects, which led Medina to play its new role as being the capital of the Messenger and the wise caliphs after him.
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