| 520 |
|
|
|a عرفت المصادر الغربية المختلفة الأخلاق أنها سلسلة من القواعد التي تهتم بما يجب أن يكون. أما العلوم الاجتماعية فاعتبرت الأخلاق هي القواعد الموجودة بالفعل على أرض الواقع.
أما الروحانيات فهي علم توصيفي، تصف ما هو حقيقي في مجتمع أو مجموعة من البشر.
وهي تمثل ما يتشارك فيه المجموع من المجموع من أفكار وتقاليد بصرف النظر عما إذا كانت تمارس أم لا. وفى الغرب يتضح أن هناك خلط بين ما هو أخلاق وما هو سياسة. ولا يوجد ما يمكن اعتباره أخلاق عالمية.
أما الأخلاق في الإسلام فهي تعتمد على واجبات الشخص تجاه الله وليس الأفراد أو المجتمع.
هذا البحث يقدم وجهة نظر انتقادية في الرؤية الغربية للأخلاق ذات العلاقة بمرض الإدمان مقارنة بالنظام الإسلامي في رؤيته للأخلاق.
|b The Oxford dictionary of current English defined ethics as a set of moral principles. It is the science of morals in human conduct. In the Oxford dictionary of sociology it is defined as the concern with what ought to be, whereas social science is concerned with describing reality, as it actually exists. A study of human behaviour because of beliefs about what is right or wrong, or good or bad, in so far as that behaviour is useful or effective. Morals are a descriptive science; it seeks to establish "what is true" in a society or group. Often morals are considered the shared ideals of a group, irrespective of whether they are practised. In the sense of descriptive ethics or morals, different persons, groups, and societies have different moral standards. There is a consensus that there is no universal ethical standard and there appears to be no universal moral standard. However, the American media is trying to convert the world into mimicking the "Western style" under the name of globalisation and anyone who tries to refuse is at risk of being labelled as "anti-western", whatever his morals or ethics are. This view throws light on the confusion between ethics and politics, where Western administrations judge actions and policies from a political standpoint. They consider whether ethics will promote or hinder their political objectives. For example someone might think alcohol is as ethically unacceptable as heroin. However, a government might consider it politically wrong to ban it for fear of losing the support of a section of the population and so put at risk its chances of being re-elected.
On the other hand, normative ethics is the discipline concerned with judgements of setting up norms. For example, when an act is right or wrong, the terms ethical, unethical, moral or immoral could have different meanings. Consider the recent changes of softening the rules related to cannabis in the UK. How could these changes be described in the light of probable consequences both mental and physical?
|
