| المستخلص: |
عرف البحث في الأحكام الاعتقادية من الشريعة الإسلامية أو الأصول الدينية الكلية للإسلام باسم "علم الكلام" وهو أشهر ما عرف به البحث في هذه المسائل، كما عرف بأسماء أخرى مثل "الفقه الأكبر" أو "علم التوحيد" أو "علم أصول الدين" أو "علم العقائد" فكيف نشأ هذا العلم وما هو تعريفه ولماذا سمي بعلم الكلام وما هو حكم الاشتغال به؟. هذا ما يحاول هذا البحث الإجابة عنه بإيجاز.
The study of the principles of the Islamic faith is a discipline of theology known as " 'Alim al-kalam (theology) scienceعلم الكلام of the word (God)." It is a science that refers to the search for theological principles through dialectic (or scholastic dogmatic theological method) and rational argument. It is also known by other names such as "The great fiqh" or "Ilm Attaw'hid" (the science of monotheism) or "science for religious beliefs" (The Islamic doctrine). How this discipline was born? What is its definition? where does this name come? and finally, Is it eligible to engage in this science? It is these questions that this study seeks to answer. Indeed, in this study we therefore treat this difficult subject " 'Alim al-kalam ".We start our investigation by mentioning the beginning and an comprehensive definition of this science, and why has earned its name " 'Alim al- kalãm ", then we expose the opinions of the scholars who have authorized or even encouraged it, and those who prohibited it. By analyzing the opinions and arguments of each other, we developed an Compromise between "authorization" and "prohibition" to practice this science. We concluded this study by answering -with arguments in support - the question: Is it necessary to engage in this science in our present time?
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