| المستخلص: |
يعالج هذا البحث لفظي: "الخرافة" و"الأسطورة" من حيث كونهما مستعملين في التراث العربي للتعبير عما يجافي العقل والحقيقة الواقعية، دون أن يكون لهذا الاستعمال ضابط محرر يميز ما وصف بالخرافية والأسطورية لكونه مستحيلا لذاته، وبين ما وصف بهما لمجرد الاستبعاد أو عدم الثقة في المخبر، فيسلط هذا البحث الضوء على هذه القضية محاولا تحرير ضابط لإطلاق هذين الوصفين على التصورات والأخبار، ببيان علاقتهما بالامتناع العقلي، دفعا للتناقض الحاصل من إطلاقهما على ما كان مستبعدا من جوازه عقلا في ذاته، مع قبول ما هو أبلغ منهما في الاستبعاد العقلي، كما أن شيوع استعمال "الخرافة" و"الأسطورة" في الفلسفة والفكر الغربيين كمصطلحين يشملان كل ما وراء المادة المحسوسة من الغيبيات، دون فرز العقائد اليقينية الصحيحة الثابتة بالدلائل العقلية الصريحة من ذينك المصطلحين= استدعى أن يستعرض هذا البحث مواردهما في معاجم المصطلحات الفلسفية وبعض الكتابات الغربية حول موضوعهما، مع شيء من النقد المجمل لذلك المسلك الغربي المادي، المتجاهل لحقائق الدين. كما يبين هذا البحث بعد تحرير مفهوم "الخرافة والأسطورة" موقف الإسلام منهما، وهل يجوز إنشاؤهما أو استعمالهما والترويج لهما لأهداف أدبية وتربوية، حال عدم تأدية ذلك إلى اعتقاد الناس ما لا حقيقة له؟
This paper addresses the two terms of legend and myth as used in Arabic orature and literature, indicating whatsoever is against or contradicts the intellect and the reality in an uncontrollable way that may be used to distinguish what is legendary, mythological or imaginary by nature and what is scrapped as unbelievable or untestable. This paper sheds light on the issues of mythology in bids to control for the usage of these two terms in the description of conceptualisations and realisations. The study, therefore, seeks to elucidate the relationship of these two terms vis-à-vis intellectual restraint used as a control for using these two terms unnecessarily in contradictory fashions so that they may not be used to describe what can logically occur, or even acquiescing to what is more imaginary that cannot be believed. What motivates this study, too, is the common use of these two terms of legend and myth in Western philosophy and thinking as concepts to describe what is beyond senses of the unseen, to no discrimination between these concepts and veritable, established concepts of the unseen as known in correct faiths through sound intellectualisation - concepts which are yet not akin to these two terms. the study therefore sought a lexical study of the terms in psychology lexicons and Western writings on the topic, with critiquing the materialistic, anti-religion approach of the West in this regard. Afterwards, the study elucidates the concepts of legend and myth in Islamic literature, and whether it is correct to use these terms or propagate them for literary or pedagogical purposes, given that these myths and legends according to Western thought may induce people to think of the unrealistic. guidance with the Qur'an or use its texts for religious advice. They could not even approach the Qur'an for interpretation without prior assumptions, seizing control of their exegetic practices. Therefore, they based these practices on presumptions and prior beliefs detrimental to pure faith, ferreting the texts of the Qur’an and the Sunna for whatsoever may be twisted to match these interpretative beliefs which principally disregarded the scientific rules of practicing exegesis. For example, they disregarded the foundations of the exegesis sciences, such as appropriating the text to evidence of revelation and co-text, causes of revelation, classification of Qur’anic texts into Meccan and Medinite Qur’an, and other rules that interpreters cannot ignore while practicing exegesis – the disregard of which can inevitably be conducive to fallibility and aberrations. Given this close relationship between Shiite exegesis and the concept of the Twelver Imamah, this study was set into two treatises. The first treatise addresses the guidelines and foundational beliefs of Shiism in its historical and ideological context and the religious edicts and judgements against those who deny these beliefs according to Shiite traditions. The second treatise tackles Shiite exegesis, its conceptualisations, its position of verity and validity, judgements against those who deny their beliefs, validation criteria, and a review of examples of Shiite exegesis grounded in the concept of Imamah and other subsumed concepts; e.g., the advent of imams (Al-Raj’aa), the unseen existence of the Twelfth Imam in a catacomb (Al- Ghaiba), Mahdiism, protectivism (Al-Tokya), predestination (Al-Bada’a), and their ideological positions with regard to the companions of Prophet Mohammed.
|
