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يصعب الحديث عن الآثار الاجتماعية والسياسية للحكومة التي يقودها "حزب العدالة والتنمية" المغربي ما لم تكمل ولايتها الحكومية المحددة في خمس سنوات، إلا أن انتقال الحزب بشكل مفاجئ من موقع المعارضة إلى قيادة الحكومة في ظروف استثنائية محليًّا وإقليميًّا، وما صاحب ذلك من تفاعلات سياسية واجتماعية خلال تشكيل الحكومة في نسختها الأولى والثانية ومسارها، وما حققته وما لم تحققه من وعود وإنجازات، وما واجهته من تحديات وعقبات، وما توفر لها من فرص-يفرض علينا التعامل مع الموضوع في حدود الفترة الزمنية التي قضتها الحكومة إلى الآن؛ أي إلى شهر يناير )كانون الثاني( 2015 ، -وهي مدة ثلاث سنوات- وفي حدود الهامش والمساحة التي توفرها البيئة السياسية والدستورية والديمقراطية.
The current paper discusses the impact of the majority led by the Justice and Development Party in the social and political transformation in Morocco. The paper was presented at the joint Symposium of the TurkishFoundation for Political, Economic and Social Research (SETA) and the Moroccan Centre for Studies and Research in Social Sciences (CERS), which was held in Rabat, Morocco, on 3rd November 2014, to discuss the Moroccan and Turkish experiences comparatively. The paper indicates differences between the two experiences, on top of them is that the Turkish Justice and Development Party rules within the framework of a harmonious government composed of a single party, and led the government in Turkey for three consecutive tenures, achieving great success on the economic front, enabled political and constitutional reform, While the Moroccan Islamist Justice and Development Party experience is the first in leading government. In addition, this "coalition government" consists of four political parties, independents and technocrats, and this selection is representative of electoral pattern in Morocco. None of the observers of the Moroccan political and partisan have expected the that the Justice and Development Party would lead the government in the pre-Arab Spring period, the Moroccan political and partisan space before 2011 and since 2007 has witnessed sharp polarity between Justice and Development Party and Authenticity and Modernity Party (PAM). The paper explains that an the external element represented by the Arab Spring played a key role in paving the way for the Justice and Development Party to achieve a landslide victory, that gained it access to the government and its leadership, by removing of barriers that had previously prevented it from achieving a landslide victory to lead the government. Before the Arab Spring, the party had practiced a kind of "self-control" in terms of percentage and geographic distribution of candidates, both in legislative and partisan elections. This sudden shift prompted some analysts to consider the new role of Justice and Development Party as a spare wheel or battery used by the state until the Arab spring storm passage. The researcher believes that the electoral concern still present in the remaining period of the government life, and this will increase the pace of achievements to approach maximum speed, as ballot boxes relatively have now the power in determining the majority party that will lead the government in accordance with the requirements of the 2011Constitution. This would affect the designing of electoral programs and the making of election promises, and this will contribute to some extent in the rationalization of the electoral discourse and partisan practice, as well as refine the Islamists’ government-leading experience, developing the Moroccan model on the democratic level, by acquiring ability to accommodate all currents and assure their coexistence, and spreading the Moroccan model on the regional and continental levels.
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