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A total number of 60 adult male albino rats (average weight = 200gm) were used and were classified into two main groups: The Control group (Group A): comprised 20 animals. These animals received 1ml of distilled water orally on a daily basis for the duration of the experiment (2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks). The Experimental group (Group B): comprised 40 animals and was subdivided into 4 subgroups corresponding to 4 durations (2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks). Each subgroup in turn was further divided into 2 subgroups in which each rat was given 1ml of the prepared nutmeg aqueous extract orally on a daily basis in the following doses (100 and 500 mg/kg b.w.) respectively. On termination of the experiment, the parotid salivary glands were dissected out, cleaned and fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution. Then, paraffin wax sections were obtained and stained with: Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) to verify histological details. Other paraffin sections were prepared and stained immunohistochemically for the expression of PCNA. The parotid gland of the control group (Group A) was composed of paren¬chyma which showed normal appearance of secretory acini and ducts; and fine C.T. stroma in between lobes and lobules. As for the experimental group (Group B),the most noticeable changes were cytoplasmic vacuolations in acinar cells, dilatation of intercalated and striated ducts, congestion of blood vessels, signs of nuclear changes (pyk-nosis, karyolysis, karyorrhexis, hyperchromatism, etc.), lymphocytic infiltra¬tion, hyalinization of C.T. stroma. These changes gradually increased as the duration increased and as the dose administered increased. PCNAImmunohistochemical results showed weak +ve PCNAin the nuclei of the acini. In the experimental groups, the nuclei of the acinar cells revealed moderate +ve PCNA expression in subgroups 1 and 2, while in subgroups 3 and 4 both the nuclei of the acinar cells and the ducts revealed intense +ve PCNA expression. The cytoplasm of the acinar cells also showed weak +ve PCNA expression in subgroups 3 and 4. Image analysis results revealed significant increase in the blue binary co¬lour in the experimental groups with the increase of duration and with the increase of the dose of nutmeg extract as well.
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