| المستخلص: |
The present study aims at providing theoretical and analytical approaches to the concepts of State and Political System. Due to an intellectual and practical political hegemony by regimes over the State concept, especially in the Arab World, confusion needs to be solved. Political thinkers’ perspectives are investigated in terms of definition, origin and functions. According to the research, both have theoretically and analytically developed. The former grew in the West as a natural product of human sociology. The reality of both notions and their mutual relation in the Arab World are also addressed. It is concluded that, on the one hand, the State is the acceptable total concept and agreed-upon connection as an inclusive frame for humans, from which Political Systems spring and vary. On the other hand, the Political System sets the nature, structures, institutions and power roles of the ruling system. The progress of both terms automatically responds to the events which control the practice of political life. While the State as a notion and reality rises as a model throughout the world, the Political System has become the focus of interest since the West has gone beyond the State notion to an undeniable reality. It is also found that the Arab regimes have taken the State very much backwards. They have made it a tool to maintain power, by setting the Political System a necessary alternative to the State. Not only have they weakened the State, monopolized power and dedicated political action for their own interests rather than for their peoples’, they have established a realistic axiom that the head of the State and the State are the same. Finally, in order to attain a status of integration between the State and the Political System in the Arab World, the two need to overcome all the difficulties to witness natural coexistence and achieve objective complementarity. In addition, a stable and healthy model has to be built for the relation between the Arab States and the Political Systems. To this end, the State should be the point of departure for all (citizen, structures and institutions) to inculcate the general interest as an ultimate target.
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