| المستخلص: |
For 5 years of the outbreak of the Arab Spring and 2 years of the attempts to hamper it, the counter-revolution forces in the relevant states could not restore the pre-uprisings political situation of 2011. In Libya, Yemen and Syria, a state of instability persists. Egypt has been involved in violence and high-level security tension. On the other hand, in Jordan and Morocco, political and security stability continues, as both countries have witnessed unfinished political reform processes towards democracy. Consequently, the significant shifts seen in these states, especially Syria and Yemen, make new indications of the new possible approaches in the track of the Arab Spring. Different parties are also waiting and reconsidering previously adopted stances and policies. Therefore, security, political and economic issues have mixed - perhaps unintentionally - threatening the stability of the entire region. It can be said that important quality changes are crystallizing to push the situation to new squares and clearer determinants - perhaps heading to the achievement of stability - namely: rising crisis in international relations; failure of anti-ISIS Arab, international campaign; and the growing public discontent with the fiasco of the powers limiting the abilities of moderate Islamists and their national and regional allies to persist and co-exist with variables. As a result, the whole Middle East is on the verge of large-scale political shifts in 2016, based on restoring stability, resumption of reform and conduct of major national and regional reconciliations. The Arab Spring is expected to resume its role but with new formulas. In light of such possible shifts and their likely approaches, a number of hard questions arise, mainly: Can the major forces of change and Arab Spring provide reassurances for the Arab regimes - especially in the Arabian Gulf - that they would not target their security, but consider it an integral of their own countries? Do the international powers, mainly the US and Russia, realize that their incitement of violence and chaos in the region neither guarantees their economic interests nor serves their national security? To what extent are the Islamists politically able to seize the opportunity to restore their role and make concessions in favour of their partners in the uprising or homeland towards a true political partnership? This is definitely a complicated process, but it may start by solving the crisis of Yemen, Syria, Libya and/or Egypt. Therefore, Saudi Arabia; Turkey and Iran; and the moderate Islamists are the parties most capable of making such an initiative, based on mutual political concessions between all the parties in a bid to build these states.
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