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ظاهرة اللجوء ظاهرة إنسانية تزايدت مع كثرة الحروب الدولية والنزاعات الداخلية والتمييز ضد الإنسان بسبب جنسه أو عرقه أودينه أو آرائه السياسية. لذلك تدخل المجتمع الدولي لحماية هذه الفئة من البشر والدفاع عن حقوقهم من خلال اتفاقيات دولية تحميهم من الاضطهاد أو القتل أو العنف غير المبرر في أي حال من الأحوال. ولأهمية الموضوع باعتبار اللجوء حالة إنسانية قبل أن يكون وضعا قانونيا دوليا نتناول هذه الظاهرة بمزيد من البحث من خلال مقدمة ومبحثين وخاتمة. حيث تطرقنا في المبحث الأول للجوء في المواثيق الدولية، وحددنا الأسس القانونية الدولية التي توفر الحماية الدولية لهذه الفئة من البشر من خلال استعراض المواد الخاصة بحماية الإنسان بشكل عام ضد كل أنواع العنف أثناء السلم أو الحرب. ومن خلال هذا البحث نتناول أيضا في المبحث الثاني اللاجئين والنازحين في القانون الدولي الإنساني باعتبار أن القانون الدولي الإنساني جزء لا يتجزأ من اتفاقيات حقوق الإنسان. وأخيرا تناولنا في الخاتمة أهم الصعوبات والإشكاليات التي تواجه اللاجئين والنازحين، ثم توجنا البحث بتوصيات نعتقد أنها قد تساهم في التخفيف من معاناة اللاجئين والنازحين على المستوى الدولي.
Asylum phenomenon has become a problem to the world community, due to the large number of international and national conflicts which are and have been continuing up to present time. Although there is international cooperation to combat this phenomenon, with the increase of international and internal warfare and severe losses to human lives asylum and displacement phenomenon has been increasing in large numbers. The number of refugees reached 44 million according to statistics of the United Nations High Commission for the Refugees Affairs of 2010. Therefore, the world community made considerable efforts to set up the UNHCR on 14/12/1950, and thereafter in 1951 Geneva Convention was concluded and defined refuge as being based on fear and oppression. In spite of the international agreements and the general principles which were created to protect individuals and groups in cases of necessity, the definition of refuge as contained in the Geneva Convention of 1951 did not include the group of the displaced which is most direly in need of protection in times of international or internal conflicts. In addition, the agreement did indicate in any way to a new kind of refuge, which is refuge due to economic reasons. In addition, the agreement and its definition of refuge also did not indicate to the victims of natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, drought etc. In this context Republic of Yemen, which appreciated the humanitarian role it takes up towards refuge issue, joined Geneva Agreement of 1951 in January 18,1980, despite the difficult economiccircumstances it has been going through since 1990 and the increasing number of refugees (two million) from neigh bouring countries, particularly Somalia, Ethiopia and Eriteria. Yemen created national mechanism to take care of the issues of the refugees by forming the National Commission for Refugees' Affairs, regarding which the council of ministers issued resolution No. (14) of 2000. In addition, refugees were counted at reception camps and shelters, and later special cards were issued with the help of the high commission. Permanent solutions for their problems were searched by providing full support to them and their humanitarian situations with the help of the world community which appreciates the volume of the burdens and responsibility falling on the Republic of Yemen.
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