| المستخلص: |
There are different definitions of this field of research; there are those who look at Orientalism and each of them stems from the other and the influence of the other (Arabs and Arab Christians and Muslims affected by the West), if the other, the Western issued in the study of the Islamic Arab self a set of intellectual, And intelligence, in the field of faith, sociology, politics and art can be attributed to the field of Orientalism; besides Muslims we also find: (Chinese studies or Indian studies or Japanese studies) Orientalism is a Western movement focused on exploring the East culture and study closely, The Western view of this oriental culture, and the extent to which the West depicts the infrastructure of Eastern civilization. Post Colonialism: the stage that began its development after the year one thousand nine hundred and sixty years AD, and highlighted the cultural and linguistic aspects that can be influenced by the introduction of radical changes. It seems that after the great transformations, after the colonial era and the emergence of postcolonial movements, it has made orientalism undesirable in terms of ideology and methodological approach. A new form of Orientalism has emerged: New Orientalism: the latest Orientalism And the phase that coincided with the beginning of this century, and targeted biography which comprises 53 titles of books or independent chapters from books or essays or entries of encyclopedias and published dictionaries since 1912 till today in the various European languages of all forms whether the printed or the electronic. Those works have been classified as such: 1 - Gathering and classifying the works by the books, essays, entries, and dictionaries. 2 - Arranging each group by date of issuance 3 - Mentioning the full name for each work in its original language and its translation into Persian, the bibliographic information about each work, the name of the author, besides a brief explanation about the encyclopedias. 4 - A brief introduction on the author in the margin except for some dictionaries lacking the name of the author.
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