| المستخلص: |
There are many orientalist studies about the Arabic dialects, in fact, the most reputable studies about the Arabic dialects have been written by orientalists; they have been followed by the Arab researchers sometimes as imitators and other times as creators; we may say that the study of dialects in a scientific field investigative form had started more than a hundred years ago by the orientalists. Similarly, this was what happened to the phonemic studies; the orientalists were the ones who roused the attention for its importance in the Arabic heritage, even when the Arabic sources had not printed out the recent researched prints yet. Our topic here is about four orientalist studies on the Arabic phoneme, but they are not books. Foe the specialized books in the Arabic phoneme which have been written by the orientalists are very large in number, pioneering and important because they both uncovered certain significant Arabic efforts in the phonemic studies a thousand years ago and studied those efforts in a detailed new scientific manner; also they compared between the efforts of the unique ancients in phonemics research, and the most important findings the researchers have attained in their experiments. contribute to building the civilization; it is built on studying "the spirit of the Arab civilization" and pointing out the role of the Greek heritage in the Islamic civilization. He does it while armed with all the necessary tools for his work such as mastering various languages, a profound knowledge of the history of philosophy, a capability of using various methodologies whether the analytical, the philological, the historical along with an abundant harvest of concepts, philosophical images besides profound relations – and direct – with the works of the great orientalists under whom he had studied or whose works he translated, or he studied their works through criticism and analysis. We may specify three themes representing some domains of Badawi's project and they are: The attitude toward the Greek heritage The philosophic investigations that focus on rebuilding the philosophical heritage in Arabic. He had studied them in the previous chapter the other in the self. The attitude toward the orientalists, or the self when it emanates from the other.
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