| المستخلص: |
يعد موضوع الحسبة مع المواضيع المتعددة الاتجاهات والمحاور فمعظم المواضيع نجد له موضوعاً اصليا واضحا يبحث به وهنالك عوارض ثانوية يبحث فيها. فموضوع الصوم مثلا هو موضوع فقهي عبادي لا شك فيه اما ما يبحث في هذا الموضوع من الجانب الروحي او الصحي وما الى ذلك انما هي جوانب عارضة وليست أصلية فيه. اما موضوع الحسبة فقد تعددت اتجاهاته وكل اتجاه يرى انه وضع اصلا له فالمؤرخ يرى ان الحسبة نظام من النظم الاسلامية المهمة في التاريخ لكنه لم يوضح لاي نظام أكثر قربا للنظام الاقتصادي ام الاجتماعي ام السياسي ام القانوني ويبدو ان تساوي كفتي ميزان كل منها على الآخر جعله لم يعط حكما صريحا بذلك وكذا السياسي يرى ان الحسبة منصب سياسي وهو منصب من مناصب الدولة وان اختلط فيه القضاء مع التنفيذ يمكن ان يصل له الى مرآب متعددة باختصاصه. اما الفقهاء ورجال القانون فائهم ينظرون اليه من الزاوية التي يبغونها، كونه نظام قضائي ينظر في أكثر الاحيان في الامور المستعجلة او التي تحتاج الى سرعة فصل مع قوة وبسط اليد في التنفيذ. ولذا صار لزاما تسليط الضوء على هذا الجانب بالشكل الاساس دون غيره.
It is very difficult to put a precise definition of the concept of comprehensive calculation due to different trends in eating and understand it. It is headed by a trend doctrinal sees it is not a job; it is the duty voluntary and some people do it for the rest, which fell enjoining good and forbidding wrong. It is headed by a judicial trend setting calls to those addresses for this to work its own civil and needs to be set and the state. She is an administrative or judicial office derives its legitimacy from the base of the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice. Research deals with several topics are: First: the distinction between the tandem, which sees an audience among the Muslim jurists term calculation and the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice and the use of this word for a new independent institution with its management structure and functioning of the judicial and executive at the same time. Second, the administrative structure of the system of calculation and are 1: calculated 2: conditions Book 3: assistants. Third: the difference between eliminate calculation and eliminate injustices which is in the position from his duties raise the injustice and give his rights by force and dread without the need to litigate to eliminate known either unfit or inability of separation of the judiciary in the dispute and taking him right to the fact that one of Caring, Understanding being a official position. Fourth, eliminate calculation and his approach to delegating jurisdiction g is the legal process by which point grants or other authority within the limits and controls specified by the resolution authorizing the constitutional and delegation of administrative and delegation of judicial work and the imposition of penalties and negative restrictions of freedom or international sanctions or financial personnel. All of this comparison between the law and positive law.
|
