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الأولوية في عقد الرهن التجاري هي: حق يمنحه النظام يخول المرتهن بصفة معينة الأفضلية والأسبقية في استيفاء ديونه عن باقي المرتهنين من العين المرهونة، ويعبر عن حق الأولوية أحيانا بأنه: حق الأفضلية أو التفضيل أو التقدم، والمعنى واحد، ولها شروط خاصة أهمها: أن يكون الرهن مسجلا رسميا، والمتقرر عند الفقهاء: أن الديون تكون متساوية في استحقاق نسبة كل منها من مال المدين، فإن كان المال كافيا أخذ كل نصيبه، وإن لم يكن كذلك دخل النقص على الجميع، هذا هو الأصل عندهم ولا يخرجون عنه إلا بمخصص كتقديم دين نفقة الزوجة أو أجرة الأجير على ما سواهما من أصحاب الحقوق، وبالتأمل في حق الأولوية في الرهن في الشريعة الإسلامية واستنباطات الفقهاء يمكن القول بإثباته وصحته، وبناء على ذلك: يجوز أن يكون المرهون رهنا لأكثر من مرتهن في وقت واحد، فإن كانت الرهون كلها في مرتبة واحدة فلا بد من تراضي جميع الأطراف ويصبح المرهون مشتركا بينهم حسب نسبة ديونهم، وإن كانت مرتبة بحيث لا يحق للمرتهن الأقل رتبة استيفاء دينه من الرهن إلا بعد استيفاء دين المرتهن الأولى رتبة فيشترط حينئذ رضا المرتهن الأقل رتبة فقط.
This study is about Editing and commenting on a manuscript entitled "Abstracting the Saying on the Ruling of Mutual Funds" by the scholar, Mufti of Zabeed: Kamal al Din, Muhammad ibn Ziyad al-Wadhahi ash- Shar'abi and az-Zabeedi al-Yamani ash-Shafe'i, who died in 1135 AH. The manuscript is a jurisprudential book on the Shafe'i school, which has not been edited. It tackles an important matter in the judiciary, namely, the matter of division, or the division of mutual funds. In this book, the author has collected the issues on this matter from the Shafe'i scholar's literature as well as their early, late and contemporary fatwas. Some of these fatwas are in unpublished manuscripts or are still missing. The author did not tackle questions relevant to division only, but he also included relevant issues related to matters from different sections in jurisprudence, and added issues of his own. In this book, Az-Zabeedi has concentrated on collecting the literature of the Shafi'i school relying on the preponderant views while providing a good-quality presentation and well organized and summarized content. The book is divided by the author into an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. In the introduction, he tackles some rulings on division, such as exclusive share without the permission of the partner, his refusal, absence, or ignorance. In addition, he tackles the mixing of mutual funds and its types, branches, examples, rulings, and some instructions and extensions relevant to division. In the first chapter, he explains the ruling on al- Muhaya'ah and al-Munawabah (circulation of benefits among partners), what cannot be divided or what partners do not want in terms of Muhaya'ah, ruling in cases of disputation, and what benefits are permissible and what are not. In the second chapter, he clarifies the origin of the legitimacy of division, types of what does not increase damage in its division and its provisions in detail, terms of division, and how to divide similarities. In the third chapter, he presents the divider and who undertakes the division, and the terms and provisions. The forth chapter tackles the wage and its amount. In the conclusion, he states the issues related to the claim of error or injustice in the division, and the manner of statement, in addition to some issues of division as well as the jurisprudents' fatwas.
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