| المستخلص: |
There have been significant developments in the energy sector over the past two decades, namely the rise in energy demand in China and other Asian countries on the one hand, and the increase in oil production in the United States of America on the other. These two factors, together with others, have led to a shift in global oil trade patterns, both in terms of exports and imports, as well as changes in the structure of these exports/imports and their distribution between crude oil and petroleum products. The aim of the study is to identify the patterns of global oil trade and the transformations that occurred during the period (2000-2015), and to illustrate the role which played by OAPEC member countries within the framework of the major regional groups. The study identifies the main determinants of global oil trade patterns, which are mainly the availability of oil resources (proven oil reserves, production capacities and refining capacities) in different major groups. The study also gives an overview of global oil exports and imports during the period (2000-2015) by major countries and groups, in particular OAPEC member countries. The study also highlights the main trends and changes in OAPEC member countries’ oil exports by identifying the key partners of OAPEC member countries. The study gives a complete picture of the global oil trade movement in 2015 in terms of the most important networks linking the exporting countries and the importing countries. The study also offers a summary of the expected developments in refining capacities in the OAPEC member countries in the short term and their potential impacts on the oil trade of these countries. Finally, the study provides an outlook of the potential markets for OAPEC member countries’ crude oil and petroleum products exports.
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