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|f This study aimed to analyze and evaluate the dimensions of professional responsibility of television talk shows presented by the government and private channels in Egypt in employing images of the events of violence in Egyptian society. It also seeks to identify the differences between Egyptian channels (government and private) in their compliance with professional standards in employing pictures of these events by applying to two talk shows, "Ana Masr (I am Egypt)" aired by "Channel 1" in the Egyptian television and "Al Ashira Masa’an (10 in the Evening)" presented by the "Dream 2" private channel from 1 May to 31 May 2016. The study used quantitative and qualitative content analysis within the framework of the theory of social responsibility of the media. In its general results, the study concluded that the Ana Masr (I am Egypt) program relied on images with known sources in presenting images of violence in the Egyptian society, in return for the Al Ashira Masa’an (10 in the Evening) program that relied heavily on images with unidentified sources. The Ana Masr (I am Egypt) talk show aimed to provide information, condemnation, and placing the responsibility, and offer solutions from presenting images of these events, unlike the Al Ashira Masa’an (10 in the Evening) program, which aimed at fueling feelings and then providing information followed by condemnation and placing responsibility. The forms of violence presented in the images aired by Ana Masr (I am Egypt) were verbal violence, followed by fires and improvised explosive devices, instead of the Al Ashira Masa’an (10 in the Evening) program, which focused on physical violence in a large sum of its images. The study also found differences in how the two programs treated major events of violence during the analytical study period, based on the qualitative analysis. During the treatment of the Journalists Union crisis with the Ministry of Interior, Ana Masr (I am Egypt) presented journalists' gatherings and their reactions to raiding the union as violence. The program also blamed the Journalists Union while presenting a positive picture of the Ministry of Interior. Its treatment ranged from supporting the need to resolve the crisis and the prevalence of the national interest. The program also linked the crisis with terrorism and the international conspiracy against Egypt. The program moderators expressed their refusal to present the reactions of foreign countries because it amounted to interference in Egypt's affairs. Some of them used inappropriate expressions to characterize the crisis, such as the "bunch of journalists" and "fourth-generation wars," and defended their views in support of the Ministry of Interior. The image of the form of violence was presented as verbal violence by journalists supporting the union, and verbal and physical violence of protesters supporting the Ministry of Interior against journalists supporting the union, and the intervention of police officers to defend journalists supporting the union in an attempt by the program to improve the image of the Ministry of Interior. In contrast, the Al Ashira Masa’an (10 in the Evening) program presented the raiding of the union by the Ministry of Interior as a violent event and the reaction of journalists supporting the union as a result of violence. It described the journalists Amr Badr and Mahmoud Al-Saqqa (the cause of the crisis) who were arrested from within the union as "two colleagues," while one of the tv presenters of the program Ana Masr (I am Egypt) refused to describe them as such. The program also described the demonstrators supporting the Ministry of Interior as paid. This treatment sought to fuel sentiments against the Ministry of Interior and present the reactions of foreign countries in the framework of a report on the reactions of the international press and human rights organizations. It was noted that a greater number of guests opposing the Ministry of the Interior were used and allowed more time besides deliberately causing the clash between supporting and opposing guests present in the studio or through telephone calls. With regard to the Helwan terrorist incident, the Ana Masr (I am Egypt) program aimed to condemn it and place the responsibility on the Brotherhood. The program presented the names and pictures of the victims and their families (normal images) within the framework of glorifying the martyrs. These images were presented in a professional framework. The images of the violence incidence results were also presented, such as (funerals), and were not specific to the event itself. The Al Ashira Masa’an (10 in the Evening) program's treatment of the incident was aimed at condemning and blaming terrorist groups. The images presented in the program belonged to the violent incident itself. Its consequences in terms of police bodies, blood, and police car debris (ugly images) were also presented. Photography, directing, and focusing on emotional chords were also employed to fuel emotions. On the level of the series of fires witnessed in Egypt, Ana Masr (I am Egypt) program blamed the Brotherhood. Telephone communications supported this trend. The picture of the form of violence (fires) and its consequences represented by images of destruction and fire waste were also shown. Mute videos were also shown for professionalism and not to fuel the sentiments. In comparison, the Al Ashira Masa’an (10 in the Evening) program presented two possibilities for fires and did not favor any (the Brotherhood's conspiracy - government negligence). Several reports focused on an emotional chord to fuel sentiments were also presented. The Ana Masr (I am Egypt) program devoted two full episodes to the EgyptAir plane accident and the full news in the episode of the third day and some news in subsequent episodes. The program reviewed the efforts put by the state to deal with the incident. It also pointed out the possibility of Brotherhood involvement in the incident through videos that support this assumption. Some presenters of the program used inappropriate expressions such as "filthy media," "May God ruin your homes" in a framework of what some Arab channels offer to treat the incident. The presented image of the results of the violent event was limited to images of search operations for wreckage and victims (simple images); and images of parts of debris and passenger belongings. In comparison, the Al Ashira Masa’an (10 in the Evening) program devoted a full episode to the incident with the exception of the news, as well as some news reporting in the next episode. The treatment raised two possibilities for the incident, namely terrorism or technical failure in the aircraft, with the likelihood that it is a terrorist incident through the reports presented. The program also allocated a large portion for the image in dealing with the incident through reports, unlike the Ana Masr (I am Egypt) program. The image focused on the human and emotional aspect, using influential shooting and directing techniques, and raising emotions to the limit of crying to fuel sensibilities. With regard to the military operations in the Sinai under the third phase of the operation martyr's right, Ana Masr (I am Egypt) program addressed these operations through three new coverages within three episodes. The program presented the results of the event, namely, the elimination of terrorist elements, and did not show the same violence as terrorist operations to preserve the morale of the armed forces. The program provided videos with sound and pictures showing the armed forces' efforts in combating terrorism to raise morale. It also showed pictures of the bodies of terrorists with effects on their faces and committed not to show any traces of blood. In contrast, the Al Ashira Masa’an (10 in the Evening) program did not pay attention to this topic, as it presented it through the news that lasted no longer than a minute inside the news coverage. However, the program showed a video with sound and pictures of the training of the armed forces. The program presenter conducted dialogues at the venue of the event (this video was not analyzed because it didn't include violence). On the level of the Lady of Karam crisis in Minya, ِAna Masr (I am Egypt) addressed this crisis through four paras, all without image except one. It was addressed in the context that it is not a sectarian incident. The program presented the crisis in the context of questioning the event sometimes and not exaggerating some other times. It also treated this crisis as a conspiracy against Egypt to cause sedition, in addition to presenting the name and photo of the victim in a framework of unprofessionalism, despite the fact that the picture is limited to a conversation of the lady in which she downplays the event. The Al Ashira Masa’an (10 in the Evening) program presented the crisis as a sectarian issue and focused on the emotional tension to fuel feelings, and blamed the policemen who did not act swiftly to contain the crisis, in addition to showing the image of the victim (the lady) in an utter disregard to the professionalism. The program presenter used some interesting expressions such as "see the lady who was stripped of her clothes, and you said that if you kill her better," accompanying the image of the lady. Reports also showed expressions such as "Is she not naked," "take off time pure." The study concluded at the level of the hypotheses test that there is a statistically significant correlation between the pattern of ownership of the channel (government-private), to which the programs Ana Masr (I am Egypt) and Al-Ashira Masa'an belong, and the extent of interest in presenting images of violence in Egyptian society. There are also statistically significant differences between the Ana Misr program and Al Ashira Masa’an (10 in the Evening) on the level of commitment to the dimensions of professional responsibility
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