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موضوع هذا البحث عن الرواة الذين ضعفهم علماء الحديث بسبب روايتهم حديثا واحدا، وحدوده كتاب "ميزان الاعتدال" للإمام الذهبي، ومباحثه الأساسية اثنان: أولهما: التعريف بالذهبي وكتابه "الميزان"، ومنهجه في التضعيف بالحديث الواحد، وقد تبين أنه قد يضعف بعض الرواة بالحديث الواحد على منهج أئمة الحديث قبله الذين قد يستنكرون حديث الراوي جدا؛ فيضعفونه بسبب تلك الرواية على تفصيل في موضعه يتعلق بمنهجه في الميزان، ومنهجه في قضية البحث، والمبحث الثاني: جمع الرواة الذين ضعفوا بحديث واحد، سواء كانوا من المكثرين أو من المقلين من الحديث، وقد تبين أن الأئمة يضعفون بالحديث الواحد، وأهم أسباب ذلك تفرد الراوي بما يستنكر عليه، وتبين أيضا أن بعض الرواة لا يصح تضعيفه بسبب حديث واحد، وأن آخرين سبب تضعيفهم سبر الأئمة أحاديثهم لا بحديث واحد، وبعضهم الحمل على غيره، وبعضهم ضعف بأمور أخرى غير ذلك الحديث الواحد، وبعضهم تراجع الإمام المضعف له بحديث واحد عن ذلك التضعيف، وبعضهم كان التضعيف بسبب حديث واحد بفهم فهمه ناقل كلام المضعف، لا في حقيقة الأمر، وتبين أن هناك رواة يصح تضعيفهم بالحديث الواحد، وغالبهم من الرواة المقلين من التحديث، وقد يضاف إلي ذلك كونهم مجهولين أو متروكين.
The subject of this research is about the narrators who were declared by Hadith scholars at Da’if, or weak, due to their narration of a single hadith. The limits of the research is the book of “Mizan Al- 1'tidal” (or Balance of Moderation" by Imam Az-Zahabi, and it has two main sections: The first section is an introduction about Az- Zahabi and his book, his approach in declaring as Da’if the narrator of a single hadith, and it was found that he may declare as Da’if some narrators of single hadith using the methodology of prominent scholars of Hadith who preceded him and who would reject the hadith of such narrators and judge them as to be Da’if due to such narration, which shall be detailed duly about his approach in the book, in addition to his mythology in the research problem. The second section is a compilation of the narrators who were declared as Da’if due to narrating single hadiths, whether they had narrated a lot of or a few hadiths. It was also found that the scholars would declare as Da’if by reason of the single hadith, which is ascribed mainly to the narrator’s singularity in the narration which results in rejection. It was also found that some narrators should not be declared as Da’if for narrating single hadith, others were judged to be so due to the scholars’ investigation into their hadiths not just for the single hadith, other were deemed as Dai’f due to other attributions, and some others were declared as Da’if due to other reasons. For some narrators, the scholars would backtrack on their declaration as Da’if due to the single hadith. In some other cases, the declaration as Da’if was because of the understanding of the one who cited the speech of the scholar who declared as Da’if not the actual words. It was also found that for some narrators, it was correct to declared them as Da’if due to he single hadith, most of whom were narrators with a few hadiths, and they might be unknown or discarded.
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