| المستخلص: |
This study discusses English and Arabic stress and conducts a contrastive study. Stress is the degree of force used in producing a syllable. In isolation, all words carry stress whereas in sentences, the most important words carry stress and other words carry either secondary stress or no stress. The aims of the study include: describing stress in English and Arabic; comparing and contrasting stress in English and Arabic by defining it, showing its degrees, types, and functions in each language; and showing to what extent both languages are similar or different from each other insofar as stress is concerned. This study hypothesizes that there is no difference between stress in English and Arabic in definition, degrees, types and functions. The study consists of four chapters. Chapter one is an introduction which contains the problem, aims, hypotheses, procedures, limits, value of the study and related terms. Chapters two and three deal with stress in English and Arabic respectively. Chapter four provides comparisons, conclusions, recommendations, and suggestions for further research. At the end of this study, some conclusions (including similarities and differences) are arrived at, among which are the following: 1. Stress is associated with physical effort (force of production) and received as a perceptual phenomenon (loudness or prominence). 2. Stress as a phenomenon exists in English and Arabic. The forms of stress in English are more than the forms of stress in Arabic. 3. Types of stress are similar in both languages. They are: word stress, phrase stress, and sentence stress. 4. Stress in Arabic is not free (predictable) since it follows certain rules whereas it is free (not predictable) in English. Stress is non-phonemic in both languages and there are exceptions for this general rule in English and Arabic. 5. Stress is connected with strong syllables in both languages. 6. Primary and secondary degrees are the most common degrees of stress in both languages. 7. The placement of stress in both languages depends on some phonological and morphological structure. 8. The syntactic structure of words is considered in the placement of stress in English but it is not considered in Arabic. 9. Emphasis is the primary function of stress in both languages.
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