المستخلص: |
The aim of the present paper is to attempt an ecofeminist critical approach to Linda Hogan's novel, Mean Spirit (1990), which is actually an application of the fundamental ecofeminist critical principles. The late twentieth century witnessed the emergence of ecological feminism or ecofeminism as a critical approach which associates between feminism and ecology. The term ecofeminism was first used in 1974 by the French writer, Francoise D' Eaubonne, who called upon women to initiate an ecological revolution in order to save the planet from destruction. However, ecofeminism had not a coherent theoretical framework until the 1980s. Ecofeminism is actually a social and political movement that calls for social change; it advocates social equality and rejects all types of exploitation. Ecofeminism, on the other hand, asserts the interconnections between the oppression of women and that of nature as well as all other forms of oppression. As Noel Sturgeon puts it, ''[E] cofeminism is a contemporary political movement operating on the theory that the ideologies which authorize injustices based on gender, race and class are related to the ideologies which sanction the exploitation and degradation of the environment'' (260). Hence, Ecofeminists are against all forms of oppression; they aim at liberating all oppressed groups; consequently, ecofeminism is against class exploitation, racism and colonialism as well as the exploitation of nature.
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