| المستخلص: |
The Political Shia Thought in Iraq is the most important phase of the human Islamic thought. It relies, within its understanding to the political events and phenomenon and how to deal with them, on a principled system and judicial, ideological basis which are characterized by its origins and branches above the other Islamic views besides the secular ones. The paper is specialized to discuss the political Shia though in Iraq (1918-1970). The signification of this study comes from some considerations; the most important one is to make the acquaintance of this thought's nature as a part of civilization path that has supported the humanity with the most important Islamic religious experience as well as the importance of the patriotic role of this thought in the history of modern and contemporary Iraq. Since 1918 the thought has revealed its political view to determine the kind of the Iraqi State with all events happened until 1970 (the date of the study's end). The Shia thought has reached to the highest level of the ideological development when it stood up with the theory of Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist (Willayat al-Faqih) that Assayid Khomeini believed in the widest sense. Then Assayid Mohammed Baqir Al-Sadr perused the same theory. The importance of this theory comes from being the juridical introduction with the political authorities which is needed by Islamic jurist (faqih) to establish the Islamic stat .Moreover the death of AssayidMohsin Al-Hakeem was an end of a stage in which the political Shia thought restarted along the period of his authority (Marjia).
The paper has been divided into four main chapters according to the time order of events' promoting. The first chapter is related to studying the political Shia thought from the rooting stage to the emergence one (crystallization) in Iraq. We deal with the thought ideologically and in a juridical way. We also show the characteristics of the political Shia thought, its political structure, the most important theories and the emergence of the Shia thought politically in Iraq (1906-1918). The second chapter discusses the political Shia thought and the political regime in Iraq (1918-1934). In this phase, the Shia thought had a role to give a political view about determining the kind of Iraqi state and setting it up as well as its opposed political role against the British occupation. Meanwhile, the Shia thought faced a political remoteness after it had been fought politically through some plans in a sectarian way against the Shia identity. The third chapter has been devoted to demonstrate the means of Shia thought in the political mobilization (1935-1959) which is represented with the ideological an the political Shia activity, trying to dispossess the rights through paying attention to the educational and cultural fields, developing the qualifications, making use of the political dimensions of the Husseini rites and exploiting them politically. In addition to practicing the regulative Islamic working to spread the Islamic thought among the nation. The fourth and last chapter has been destined for studying the development of the political Shia thought in Iraq in the light of its thinkers (1960-1970). This chapter is concerned with the changing plan by Assayid Mohammed Baqir Al-Sadr including his scientific conclusions. The chapter also discusses the reformation-religious destination in the frame of the political Iraqi reality and reformation of the political reality in the view of AssayidMuhsin Al-Hakeem as well as his stand towards the encompassed Ba'athiregime. Finally this chapter includes the deduction of the political Shia though by presenting the theory of Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist (Willayat Al-Faqih) and the conversion that has been made in the tendencies of the Islamic thought by this theory. The historical data in this paper has depended on a set of sources with a variety topics with different interests. The published and unpublished foreign and Arab documents take the first place in addition to the scientific books, newspapers and magazines. Lastly, we can say this paper is a modest step in the path of the academic research. The researcher hopes it will be a serious attempt to shade a light at an important phase of the history of the political Shia thought in Iraq.
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