| المستخلص: |
يلقي هذا البحث الضوء على موضوع مهم يمكننا من خلاله التأسيس لنظرية عربية شاملة في البلاغة، تصل ماضي الدرس البلاغي بحاضره، وتردم الهوة بيننا وبين تراثنا البلاغي، من خلال ما تناوله من: (العلاقة بين الدراسات اللغوية الحديثة ومفردات الدرس البلاغي العربي)، حيث عقد الصلة في مطالبه الثلاثة بين دراسات البلاغيين العرب القدماء -في مباحث علم البيان والمعاني والبديع - والدراسات الحديثة التي أفادت مما أنتجه الفكر الإنساني من فلسفات، وما نشا عنها من نظريات في حقول الدراسات اللسانية، وما ولد في إطار ذلك من تيارات ومدارس، فأثبت البحث -في حدود ما تناوله - التواصلية بين البلاغة العربية وبين ما طرحته البنيوية والأسلوبية واللسانيات النصية وغيرها، وأكد أن الدراسات البلاغية القديمة قد طرقت الجوانب التي طرقتها الدراسات الحديثة، وإن اختلفت زوايا النظر، ووصلت فيها إلى مستوى عال من التناول، من حيث: تحديد المفهوم، وبناء المصطلح، واستقصاء التنويعات والتشكيلات المندرجة تحتها، وهذا يثبت حيويتها واستمراريتها ويؤكد قدرتها على التطور، ومواكبة العصر واستشراف المستقبل.
The study centers on an important issue that has positively and negatively affected the life of Islamic societies throughout the ages, which is the ‘effect of the independent judgment (Ijthead) on the issues of belief.’ This study aims at stating the effects of the independent judgment on the Islamic Creed as one of the most important religious sciences, on the Islamic societies, or on the individual himself as a diligent man or a common man, and then stating whether these effects are positive or negative. The researcher has used the inductive descriptive method for bringing a complete understanding of this idea in a single study because it was distracted among books, and then formulating it in a simple style to be understood easily by the reader. This study is planned to be presented completely in a good form in the terms of the instructions and standards of scientific research. It includes footnotes for authenticating the holy verses, Hadiths, scholar's translation and clarification of vagueness, and many others as needed. This study is divided into four parts. The first part is the introduction which is devoted to the reasons of selecting the topic, its significance, its objectives and the used research method. The second part is divided into two sections: the independent judgment and the scholars' method. The first section displays the definition of the independent judgment linguistically and expressively, its importance, and its terms and conditions. The second section discusses the scholars' method in exercising the independent judgment and their attitudes of their independent judgments. The third part is also divided into two sections: the first section is about how the ‘effect of the independent judgment on the issues of belief’ influences the knowledge of Islamic Creed and Islamic nation. The second section is about the ‘effect of the independent judgment on the issues of belief’ on the lives of followers. The final part is the conclusion. It has included positive and negative findings of the use of the independent judgment; positively, many nations accepted Islam to be their religion; and negatively, the emergence of various groups and sects that work against each other and accuse each other of infidelity, all in one lead to the distraction of Islamic nation. It has also included the most important recommendations and suggestions. Finally, this study is concluded with a list of the used references and sources.
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