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Objectives of the study: 1- Studying the demographic, social and economic characteristics of the population of Upper Egypt governorates. 2- Identifying the most important challenges to development in Upper Egypt- The main findings are: 1- The number of nine Upper Egypt governorates population is 36 million people, representing about 38.1% of the total population of Egypt according to the 2017 census, which reflect a great deal of attention. 2- Upper Egypt governorates are the highest governorates with high average household size, which ranges from 4 to 4.5 members. 3- Aswan Governorate is one of the governorates with the highest average family size, which reached about 4.5 people, and the percentage of households with 1.4% of the total households of the Republic. 4- Giza Governorate is the largest governorate of Upper Egypt and has a population of about 8.6 million, 9.1% of the population of the Republic. 5- The natural increase rate is 22.3 per thousand for the Upper Egypt region. Giza governorate represents the lowest rate of natural increase (17.7 per thousand) while Assiut governorate is the highest in Upper Egypt governorates (25.4 per thousand). 6- The poverty rate in Upper Egypt reaches 45.4% compared to 32.5% of for total Egypt in 2017/2018. 7- The highest governorate with poverty rate among the governorates of Upper Egypt is Assist governorate, where the ratio was 60.4%, followed by Sohag with a poverty rate of about 57.2%, which means that more than half of the population of the governorate is poor. 8- The percentage of the population in the age group (less than 15 years) in Upper Egypt governorates increases to 36.6% compared to 34.2% for the total republic. This may be the low rates of use of contraceptive use methods and the high rates of fertility in Upper Egypt. 9- The age dependency ratio for Upper Egypt governorates was 67.1%, which means that every 100 people of the working age support about 67 persons outside working age. Fayoum Governorate had the highest age dependency burden which was 75.5%, while Luxor Governorate had the lowest age dependency burden of 57.1%. This increase in dependency rates is due to the high percentage of the population in the age group (0-14 years), which is offset by a decrease in the proportion of the population in the age group (15-64 years) in most governorates of Upper Egypt. This may be the labour force migration factor (15-64 year) where it is a repelling region of the population except Giza because of its proximity to Cairo governorate. 10- The economic dependency burden in Upper Egypt governorates was 260 per hundred inhabitants (ie, every 100 of the population in the labor force is dependent on 260 individuals outside the labor force). Souhag governorate represents the highest burden of economic dependency (330%), followed by Qena (320%), this is due to the high level of fertility in the Upper Egypt. The lowest burden of economic dependency in Beni Suef Governorate (220%). 11- The illiteracy rate (10 years and over) in Upper Egypt region was 31.1%, rising among females to reach 37.9% compared to 24.8% among males. The illiteracy rate rises to a maximum of 37.2% in Minya Governorate, and females reached 45.4% in the same governorate. 12- The density of the classroom at Upper Egypt region in the primary stage was about 48 students, and there is a teacher for every 27 pupils. The corresponding proportions for the preparatory stage were 45 students, 20 students respectively. 13- The percentage of ever married under the age of 18 (15-17 years) reached 2.5% in Upper Egypt, and this percentage rises to 5.1% among females. 14- Giza Governorate has the highest rate of divorce in Upper Egypt governorates by 2.7 per thousand, as well as the highest rate of divorce in both urban and rural areas (2.9 and 2.6 per thousand), respectively. 15- The percentage of population of Upper Egypt governorates benefiting or participating in social insurance (18.1%) is lower than the total population of the Republic (21.1%) in 2017. This percentage rises to a maximum of 21.1% in Aswan Governorate while the lowest is 15.4% in the Governorate of Fayoum. 16- The total number of hospitals in the Upper Egypt region is 448 hospitals. Giza Governorate has more than a third of the number of Upper Egypt hospitals, which number 154 hospitals, while the governorates of Luxor and Fayoum are has the lowest number of hospitals, which numbered 14,20 hospitals respectively. 17- The average number of doctors in Upper Egypt was 13.5 doctors per ten thousand population, the average number of beds was 13.4 beds per ten thousand population, and the average number of nurses was 22.3 nurses per ten thousand population. 18- More than half of the Upper Egypt population has a benefit of health service insurance (51.5%) whether they are beneficiaries or subscribers. This percentage is slightly lower than that of the total republic (52.3%). The maximum percentage is 52.8% in Fayoum Governorate and the lowest is 48.4% in Luxor Governorate 19- The percentage of the population (5 years and over) with difficulties (people with disabilities) from a lot of difficulties to absolute in the Upper Egypt region is 2.46%. The highest difficulty percentage in the Upper Egypt region for individuals with walking or climbing stairs difficulty by 1.29%, followed by those who find a difficult to take care of himself by 0.68%, and the lowest difficulty for those who have difficulty in seeing by (0.52%). 20- The employment rate in Upper Egypt region was 38.6%, rising to 64.4% for males compared to 12% for females. 21- The highest percentage of workers in the Upper Egypt was for craft and related trades workers (20.7%), followed by skilled agricultural and fishery workers (19.3%). These two percentages are lower than the corresponding of total republic (15.3% and 17.7% respectively). 22- Unemployment rate reached 8.7% in 2018 in Upper Egypt region (5.9% males, 21.8% females) .These percentages are lower than those of the total republic (9.9% for total), especially among males. The highest unemployment rate represents 24.1% in Aswan Governorate. 23- The governorates of Upper Egypt are governorates of population expulsion but at low rates except for Giza governorate, which attracted 4% of its total population. 24- As for the use of information technology, 61.9% of the population of Upper Egypt governorates (4 years and over) use a mobile phone, 24.6% use a computer, and 24.0% use the internet. 25- 99.5% of Households of Upper Egypt Governorates access to electricity and 97.4% of Households access to the public water network. However, there is a problem in rural Upper Egypt with regard to households access to the sewerage network, where only about 14% of households have access to the public sewerage network, which represents about half at the country level (28.5% in 2017). The lowest percentages were in the governorates of Aswan (3.8%), Minya (6.9%), Assiut (7.2%) and Sohag (7.3%), while the highest percentage of households connected to the public sewerage network in Fayoum (31.1%).
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