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كانت الحدود المائية، وبالذات في منطقة شط العرب، هي القضية الخلافية الأولى بين العراق إيران لفترات طويلة، وقد وقع أثرها البلدان مواثيق كان آخرها في العام ١٩٧٥ ضمن اتفاقية الجزائر. أما الموارد المائية التي تقع منابعها في إيران والقادمة إلى العراق فلم تكن أمرا ذا شأن إلا في العقود الثلاثة الأخيرة؛ لأن تلك الموارد كانت قبل ذلك تجري برمتها إلى العراق دون عوائق، لكن إنشاء سدود ومنشآت كبيرة على صدور تلك الأنهار التي من أبرزها نهر الخابور ونهر الوند شمال العراق ونهري الدز والكارون في جنوبه فضلا عن عشرات الأنهار الصغيرة، غير من الوضع الطبيعي لها وأصبح معها العراق يتلقى نتائج سياسات وأنماط تشغيل لتلك المنشآت لا تتناسب بالضرورة مع مصلحته؛ لأنها تقرر بصورة انفرادية فكثر الجفاف وازدادت ظاهرة التصحر مما اضطر أعداد كبيرة من أهالي القرى إلى النزوح والهجرة من مناطقهم الزراعية وتدمير الزراعة في البلاد، كما هو الحال مع ما فعلته تركيا، وبالطبع لم يكن قرار بناء تلك المنشآت منسقا مع العراق، كما تفترض مبادئ القانون الدولي؛ لأن معظمها قد أنشئ في ظل علاقة ملتبسة بين البلدين تخللتها حرب طويلة، كانت كلفتها البيئية والبشرية والاقتصادية باهظة جدا على الطرفين.
The research aims at presenting the history and reality of Iraqi Iranian conflicts and shared rivers between Iraq and Iran, via describing the Iranian water policy and its political and economic dimensions and its influences on agricultural and water situation in Iraq, especially in Iraqi middle and southern areas and some parts of Iraqi northern region, Where about 35 sub-rivers rising from Iranian lands and crossing border towards Iraq and to feed Tigris (main river in Iraq) and represent an indispensable tributary of Iraqi water wealth. Research Problem Iraq now suffering from scarcity and bad quality of water because of Iranian water policy, which contributed to great destruction to the economical, social and health reality of Iraq. This damage is not less serious than the damage caused by Turkey dams projects for water storage along Tigris, A conditions like time, security deterioration, encroachments by Iran over years, as well as Iraq's small territory ,lack of readiness of Iraqi military forces , played a negative roles which enabled Iran to use water as a pressure on Iraqi governments, and then preventing water from entering Iraqi territory alongside with similar procedures taken by Turkey. Research Hypothesis: This research trying to prove the hypothesis that the role played by Turkey against Iraq related to water released quantities is not more negative that what played by Iran, on the release of water, So the fact is that the water situation in Iraq is trapped between the thighs of Turkey and Iran, in this regards that one third of Iraqi water ratio is coming from Iran, which has built and is currently building dams and turning of the rivers flows , what appears to be a declaration of a war of water on Iraq. The water borders, especially in the Shatt al-Arab region, was the first controversy between Iraq and Iran for long periods of times. The two countries was signed charters , most recently one was in 1975 under the Algiers agreement. The water resources originating from Iran were not significant until the last three decades, because these resources were previously fully reached to Iraq unhindered, but the establishment of dams and large installations on the issuance of those rivers, most notably the river Khabur and river Iraq is receiving the results of the policies and operating patterns of these facilities do not necessarily fit with his interest because they decide unilaterally more drought and increased desertification phenomenon, forcing large numbers of people And the destruction of agriculture in the country, as was the case with Turkey. Of course, the decision to build these facilities was not coordinated with Iraq, as the principles of international law assume, because most of them were established in a confused relationship between the two countries, Their environmental, human and economic costs were very high on both sides.
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