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|b Introduction: Opera is considered as a complex art, as it gather different of arts as poetry, music, singing, art, theatre, acting, ballet, lightning, fashion, decor etc..., and opera had been developed by the development of communities through eras, and it had different shapes, styles, types and methods according to the great efforts done by opera's contexts writers, and creative composers, opera consists of many chapters, and usually each chapter contains several scenes, and these chapters consists of different formations according to its dramatic story, as there is solos, duets, trios, quartets, till it reaches chorus. Opera Aida is considered as one of the most important operas ever, as it have a great musical drama, and its incidents about a genuine Pharaoh’s story, and chorus forms a fundamental element within, different than other operas, and it’s the main element of its success, and through the research the researcher found number of previous studies related to this research object. As some considered singing styles within Verdi's compositions, by analyzing his work not only by techniques but also by producing singing pieces as a homogeneous unit in the poet style, through a developed scientific and artistic plan, Others considered the technical style of chorus performance in Verdi's operas, others explained and analyzed decorations and movements in Verdi's operas rather than music, Others demonstrated Verdi's biography, where these operas were presented, his talent and intelligence. Research Problem: Despite of the several researches that considered Verdi’s Operas and specially Aida, and some concentrated on Baritone voice in the same opera, the researcher noticed that none of them was interested specially in Chorus or drama, where the researcher thought about analyzing chorus voices in opera Aida, to justify voice technical exercises, which can be useful in teaching voice courses at specialized faculties. Research Objectives: This Research aims to: 1. Identifying Chorus roll in opera’s drama. 2. Finding technical exercises of chorus voices in opera Aida. 3. Developing a work manual and a scientific content based on exercises for voice courses to be used for students of specialized faculties. Importance of Research: The Importance of this research is based on presenting technical exercises extracted from dramatic procedure of chorus voices in opera Aida, which can be useful in teaching Voice course for voice major, at specialized faculties. The importance can be divided into two parts: 1. Theoretical Importance: Adding a new reference to the Arabic library that considers analyzing the roll of chorus in drama, to be useful for motion pictures music composers, and Egyptian drama sang introductions. 2. Practical Importance: Creating number of technical exercises that would be useful for the teacher student in his major. Research Questions: 1. What is the importance of using chorus in drama of Operas? 2. What are the specifications of technical exercises extracted of chorus voices of opera Aida? 3. What are the results of using these exercises? Research Procedure: 1. Research Methodology: This research follows the analytical method. 2. Research Sample: Intended sample of three chorus selections of opera Aida, consists of all male and female voices, chosen according to experts’ opinion form. 3. Research Tools: a. Audio and Visual Recordings of the sample. b. Sample Score Sheet. c. Analysis Form. d. Sample experts’ opinion form. e. Exercises experts’ opinion form. 4. Research Boarders: The Research is about studying and analyzing selected pieces of chorus of opera Aida by Verdi on the 19th century at Italy. This study includes four chaptersas follows: Chapter One: Research problem and previous studies: Includes two sections: The First section deals with the Introduction, Research Problem, Objectives, Importance, Procedures and Research Terms. The Second Section handles Previous Studiesrelated to the research topic. Chapter Two: Theoretical framework Includes: The First section: Romanticism (Romantic era specifications, the main changed, performance styles, Introduction to romanticism, general changes). The Second Section: Opera (Foundation of opera, romantic opera, opera at the romantic era, opera in Italy). The Third Section: Group singing “Chorus” (difference between “Choral” and “Chrola”, development of chorus, different forms of Chorus, numerical balance for a chorus group, internal balance of chorus, arranging chorus members, training chorus, specifying breath timing, producing sound, developing singing exercises). The Fourth Section: Gossipy Verdi (Biography, Style). The Fifth Section: Opera Aida (Definition, Story Board of the four Acts). Chapter Three: Practical Frame work includes the analysis of the Second act of Opera Aida “Triumphal March” Introduction by Verdi. Chapter Four: Results and Recommendations: Includes search results and proposed recommendations, Arabic and Foreign References, Research Summary in both Arabic and English Languages. Recommendations: • Enrollment of Romanticism styles within voice courses at specialized faculties. • Enrollment of nationalism in teaching voice courses. • Encourage researchers to compare between singing styles development through classic and romantic eras. • Specifying definite time for each grade separately to listen to different singing styles and comparing between them in different eras, to help students realizing the development of different singing forms.
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