| المستخلص: |
عرف المناخ بأنه ملخص الأحوال الجوية لأي مكان في شهر من الشهور، أو فصل من الفصول، ونظام توزيعها على طول السنة". ويتألف من مجموعة من العناصر أهمها درجة الحرارة والبرودة والأمطار والرياح، وغيرها من مظاهر التكثف، وتعتبر تضاريس المكان، وبعده أو قربه عن البحر، وموقعه بالنسبة لخط العرض من أهم العوامل التي تؤثر في عناصر المناخ. ومثلما للأرض تأثير مباشر على سير المعارك العسكرية في الفتوحات الإسلامية، كذلك للمناخ نفس هذا التأثير، فقد يتدخل المناخ في تحديد القوة العسكرية في موسم القتال، لاسيما أن الإمكانيات المتيسرة للمسلمين في ذلك الوقت للتغلب على التغييرات والظروف المناخية كانت محدودة ولمعرفة مدى هذا التأثير، لابد من دراسة العناصر المناخية كلاً على حده.
The fighting in the way of Allah Almighty of important topics that deserve study, legitimized by God Almighty after the migration of the Holy Prophet peace be upon him and his family to the city of Medina, was one of the priorities of this legislation is self-defense. After that this legislation shifted to other stages, fit with what achieves the goals of the Islamic nation, and to uphold the right word. There is no doubt that the Islamic conquests waged by Muslims all over the world, carries with it a lot of lessons, lessons, that line had Muslim leaders, in order to uphold the word of truth, and the spread of Islam. It is worth mentioning that the previous studies and researches, competent on militant Islam, starting with the life of the Prophet, peace be upon him and his family, and until the end of the Abbasid state at the hands of the Mongols in 656 AH / 1258 AD, are studies worth the owners respect and appreciation for their tireless efforts in this topic. However, these studies focused on the leaders of the Conquest, said their heroism and their conquests, without reference to geographical factors, which had a key role in these victories, one of the incentives that led us to study the subject, no one can deny the impact of these factors in the battles of war, may interfere with the terrain, the change Mejrayat battles, it is known that the land battles require, for example, the development of military plans to attack, and the selection of appropriate places for stationed, dig trenches to repel the attacks, these demands for Ataathakq, unless it has military commander, fully aware of the comprehensive, knowledge of terrain battlefield. The climate in the second division after the terrain, in terms of size and strength of its impact on military operations, both of them, and the weather prevailing while doing 0 to military operations may affect the movement of the soldiers, and the weapons and equipment, so commanders calculated account the climatic conditions expected.
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