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|b Inflation is defined as the continuous and significant rise in the overall level of prices of all or most of the goods and services in the economy. This rise is in continuous form and for a long period of time rather than a temporary rise and an impact on the individual budget. The agricultural sector is considered to be one of the most important sectors of the national economy. It is responsible for providing the food, clothing and manufacturing needs of the society and the raw materials of many important industries, in addition to its contribution to economic development of various types. In light of the high prices of agricultural and food commodities, On the state budget to provide foreign exchange in order to obtain food commodities, especially the management of more than 46% of wheat, about 41% of the needs of maize, and about 73% of vegetable oils, 45% of pulses, which. The structural imbalances in the national economy in general are due to the lack of flexibility and efficiency in directing the resources themselves, causing a balance of payments deficit and high inflation. The importance of the study in dealing with the problem of inflation suffered by the Egyptian agricultural economy in an attempt to develop proposals to reduce the problem of inflation and control, both in the short term or long, especially in light of the limited studies carried out in this area. The problem of the study was to increase the structural imbalances facing the Egyptian economy as a result of the increase in inflation rates in all economic sectors. The average inflation during the period 2000- 2015 was estimated at 7.48%, but increased to about 9.55% during the period 2010- 2015), With an increase rate estimated at 27.67% when comparing the second period with the first period. It was also found that the average inflation rate is estimated at 9.55% during the second period of the self-doubling type, which is limited to between 8% and 12% (2008- 2015), estimated at 10.63%, possibly due to some structural imbalances. The sectors of the national economy during 2008 and beyond as a result of the emergence of the global financial crisis, which had a direct impact on inflation during that period, and even estimated the rate of inflation by 11.5% in 2015, which means that it grows automatically at high rates may reach hyperinflation) And the inflated inflation, which destroys all sectors of the national economy and relentless, and has shown its effects in the non-diversification of the structure of national production, high unemployment rates and the inability of productive structures to absorb new labor, and the inability to continue self-sufficiency of essential food commodities, forcing the state to rely on The outside world through import, which in turn leads to a gradual and continuous rise in the general level of prices, which calls for his study of those particularly in the agricultural sector, inflationary pressures, which have a direct impact on all national sectors of the economy as the main source of supply required for other sectors. The study aimed to study the problem of inflation in the Egyptian agricultural sector, which generates inflationary pressures resulting from the structural imbalances in this important economic sector during the period (2000- 2015), through two axes, the first dealt with indicators of inflationary pressures in the Egyptian economy, while the second dealt with measuring inflationary pressures In the Egyptian economy. The study relied on the use of the inductive and statistical methods in the description and analysis of the study data and in the estimation of the directional relationship and the selection of the best models representing the economic variables that were studied based on the different economic bases. Some economic measures were used to measure inflation and the inflationary gap in the agricultural sector, Published and unpublished statistics on the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), publications and publications of the Ministries of Commerce and Industry, Planning, I and many books in Arabic and foreign scientific journals, research and scientific messages related to the subject of study. The study showed a decrease in the general index of average productivity of feddan by 0.23% with an average annual rate of 108.73% during the period 2000-2015. The increase in the general index of prices of agricultural commodities received by farms showed an increase of 3.66% with an annual average of 146.93%. The implicit index of the agricultural sector increased by 3.03%, with an annual average of 122.49%. The total surplus of agricultural demand was estimated at about LE 7327.67 million, about 9.89% of the estimated annual average of LE 74123.05 million. The difference coefficient was estimated at 52.18% to indicate the fluctuations in the demand surplus to the fluctuations in the GDP The agricultural inflation gap increased by an annualized amount of LE 3327 million representing about 7.19% of the annual average estimated at LE 46297.27 million. As for the agricultural inflation gap according to the agricultural inflation gap, The total agricultural demand surplus showed that the relative size of the gap, which represents the pressure of the surplus agricultural demand on the actual capacity of domestic production and the import capacity of the Egyptian economy, was estimated at 68.37%. The fluctuations in the inflationary gap were estimated at 51.22%. The study recommended: 1- The agricultural investment demand should not be affected, especially since it is clear from the study that the average total agricultural investment is estimated at about 5% of the total agricultural expenditure or agricultural demand. 2- Increasing the volume of investment allocations in the Egyptian agricultural sector to reduce dependence on abroad and increase exports from imports in this important economic sector. The average ratio of total investments implemented in the agricultural sector to total investment uses in the commodity sector was estimated at 14.13% during the study period. The total investments implemented in the agricultural sector to total investment uses implemented in different economic sectors during the period of the study was estimated at 6.61%. 3- Restriction of growth of aggregate demand is mainly on non- essential consumer demand and to eliminate inflation definitively requires the disappearance of surplus agricultural demand, it was found that the average gross agricultural demand surplus was estimated at 74123.05 million pounds during the period (2000- 2015), and that the average inflation gap estimated at Compared to LE 46297.27 million during the same period. The relative average size of this gap was estimated at 68.37%. 4- It is proposed to gradually reduce the demand surplus by 25% in 2017 to 20% in 2018, 15% in 2019, and 10% by 2020... As far as success is achieved in this area, Especially since the total agricultural consumption estimated at 94.33% of total agricultural expenditure, agricultural demand.
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