| المستخلص: |
Aim: the study was aimed to assess the effect of unilateral refractive amblyopia on the thickness of macula (M), nerve fiber layer (NFL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL) structure and to compare it with normal eyes. Material and Methods: this is a cross sectional case control and prospective study was done in the period from October 2017 to October 2019 at Alwalidiean charity eye hospital. Vision and visual acuity tested by Snell's (E) chart, refractive state estimated by Autorefractometer, best correct visual acuity done by Trial farme, Trial ophthalmic lenses set and pinhole test, inter-ocular pressure measured by Air puff tonometer and measurement of macula, optic nerve, and ganglion cell thickness by cirrus OCT5000 Results: Total of 100 patients were included in this study divided equally in two groups, first group was unilateral refractive amblyopic patients and second group normal patients with (42% males and 58% females), (46% males and 54% females) respectively their age range (10-40) years, (12-40) years with mean of (23.4±7.89), (23.9±7) respectively with no significant difference p value (0.673). The refractive unilateral amblyopic group included (74%) hypermtropic patients and (26%) mayopic patients. Their visual acuity was ranged (0.05-0.6), (0.02-0.5) with mean of (0.030 ± 0.030), (0.34 ± 0.16) respectively for amblyopic eyes and ranged (1), (1) with mean of (1.00 ± 1.00), (1.00 ± 1.00) respectivly for non-amblyopic eyes with significant difference of both (p<0.05). The refractive state for hypermetropic patients was ranged (2-8D) with mean of (3.39±1.49D) for amblyopic eyes and ranged (1-4D) with mean of (1.66±1.00D) for non-amblyopic eyes with significant difference (p< 0.05). While for myopic patients was ranged (-2-6) with mean of (-3.31 ± -1.31D) for ambyopic eyes and ranged (-2-5D) with mean of (-3±1.41D) for non-amblyopic eyes with no significant difference (p<0.05). Normal group their refractive state no more than ±0.75D and their vision 1.00. The study reveal that the average macula thickness (AMT) was significantly thicker in hypermtropic amblyopic eyes and opposite in myopic amblyopic eyes (p<0.05) of both, in comparison of macular thickness with normal eyes significant difference was found in myopic amblyopic eyes only (p<0.05). Average nerve fiber layer thickness (ANFLT) was significantly thinner in the myopic amblyopic eyes (p<0.05), in comparison with normal the myopic amblyopic eyes significantly thinner than normal eyes (p< 0.05). Average ganglion cell thickness (AGCT) significantly thinner in myopic amblyopic eyes (p<0.05), in comparison with normal the hypermtropic amblyopic eyes significantly thinner than the normal eyes (p<0.05). Conclusion: The study showed that unilateral refractive amblyopia caused significant changes in macula, ganglion cell and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness.
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