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08602nam a22002657a 4500 |
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2077850 |
| 041 |
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|a ara
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| 044 |
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|b مصر
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|a سعيد، هبه أحمد
|e مؤلف
|9 698927
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| 245 |
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|a هجرة ذوي المهارات العالية في مصر
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| 246 |
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|a Migration of Highly Skilled People in Egypt
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|b الجهاز المركزي المصري للتعبئة العامة والإحصاء
|c 2020
|g يوليو
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|a 37 - 70
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|a بحوث ومقالات
|b Article
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|b According to the statistics of Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the total number of Egyptians residing abroad reached 9295324 at the end of 2018. Egyptians abroad are concentrated in Arab country where they are 5873626, by a percentage 63.2% of total Egyptian living abroad at the end 2018. According to the results of international migration survey done in Egypt in 2013, the findings as the following: • 45.7% of the Egyptian current migrants are highly skilled compared to 54.3% of current migrants without high skills. • The percentage of current high-skilled migrants among females increased to 2.6% of the total high-skilled current migrants, compared to 1.7% of unskilled migrants. • The percentage of highly skilled migrants has increased in urban areas, as they account for 58.8% of the total current urban migrants, compared to 42.4% in rural areas. • The percentage of current migrants with high skills decreases in the age group (15- 29 years), reaching 37.3%, increased to 53.3% in the age group (30- 49 years), and this percentage has significantly decreased, reaching 8.0% for the group (50-59 years), and 1.3% for the group (60 years and over). • 89.6% of current migrants with high skills have enrolled in education, compared to 82.5% of current migrants without high skills. • 41.3% of the total skilled current migrants have completed secondary school, followed by 33.2% of the total skilled current migrants having a university degree or higher. • 59.3% of highly skilled current migrants have never been married at the time of the first migration, compared to 35.7% at the time of the current migration. On the other hand, the percentage of those currently married increased to 63.0%, compared to 40.1% at the time of the first migration. • There are two main reasons behind the migration of highly-skilled current migrants who migrated for the first time, the improvement of the standard of living comes first, with a percentage of 32.7% of the total high-skilled migrants, followed by not enough or low income levels in Egypt by 22.3%. • About 34.7% of highly skilled migrants contacted a private employment office to help them find work outside Egypt and facilitate the migration process. • The percentage of current highly skilled current migrants who received support to finance the migration process and cover travel expenses was 87.1%. • The majority of Egyptian highly skilled current migrants who migrated to the first country of travel have paid cash to obtain a work permit or facilitate the current migrant’s process by up to 73%. • 97.6% of highly skilled current migrants who migrated to the current country of residence (since the beginning of the year 2000) had valid legal permits to enter the country of migration, 0.5% did not need an entry permit, and about 1.7% did not have an entry permit or any official document stating that.
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|b • About 86% of current migrants who get a job through an employment office/ labor agent have obtained a written employment contract. • About 83% of employers have committed to implementing the terms of the contract that current migrants obtained before migration. • About 70% of highly skilled current migrants were working during the three months preceding the migration, while the remaining percent 30% of those who did not work before migration include about 16% looking for work, 14% did not look for work. • The majority of Egyptian current migrants are concentrated mainly in Arab countries at a percentage of approximately 95%, and that is for all current migrants regardless of skill level, the rest of the current migrants go outside the Arab region, for the current countiy of residence is 3.5% of highly skilled people living in European countries, 0.8% in North America, 1.1% in other countries. • Approximately 55% of the total highly skilled migrants in Arab countries have been in the current destination for less than 5 years, 19.2% of the total highly skilled migrants in Arab countries have been in the current destination for 5-9 years, 9.4% for 10-14 years, and 8.4% for 20 years or more. The current migrants who moved to Europe have longer periods of stay at their current destination compared to the current migrants who moved to the Arab region. • About 11.4% of highly skilled current migrants have moved to two or more countries for residence, so 6.1% of them move from their first residence to the current country of residence, while 4.4% move from their first residence to two countries of residence abroad other than those in which they reside. 0.9% has moved to 4 or more countries to reside abroad. • About a quarter of highly skilled current migrants are currently working as sales and service workers, and the percentage of farmers and agricultural workers is 20.7%, managers and those with scientific and specialized professions represent 20% of the total highly skilled current migrants, an 1 5.2% of highly skilled current migrants work as craft & related trades workers. • The highest economic activity of highly skilled current migrants in the Arab region is agriculture and fishing with a percentage of 22.5%, followed by wholesale and retail trade and vehicle repair (20.3%), then construction (13.2%). • About 28% of highly skilled current migrants get health insurance, 27% get additional paid work and the same percentage get paid annual leave, am 17.5% of them get paid sick leave. • About 60% of current migrants without high skills intend to stay in the current country of residence, and this percentage rises to 62.4% among highly skilled immigrants.
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|b • Among highly skilled current migrants in the Arab region, the two most important reasons for wanting to stay are work-related reasons and “getting a good job and satisfactory income” is the most frequently mentioned reason (56%), followed by “difficulty getting a job in Egypt” which was mentioned by about 31% of highly skilled current migrants. • There are three groups of reasons mentioned for wanting to leave the country of migration which are mentioned by the majority of highly skillet current migrants, “work-related reasons” represent the most cited reason for intending to leave the current country of migration (34%), and “family- related reasons” represent about (17%), and causes related to ' homesick/ miss family/ way of life in Egypt” by 16.6 % of migrants. • About 30% of highly skilled current migrants did not send any transfers to their families in Egypt during the twelve months preceding the survey. • Regarding the number of times remittances were sent during the 12 months prior to the survey, the data showed that about 21% of current migrants sent remittances ten times, about 16% sent between 3- 4 times, about 13% sent 5 or 6 times, about 12% send one or two times, about 9% sent 7- 9 times. • The most used method for current migrants to send their cash transfers to their families in Egypt is bank transfers, where about 75% use them, followed by friends and relatives (about 18%), and the third method is the agent or representative (about 4%). • Usually, remittances are used in several areas; about 61% of the families that received remittances from their migrant relatives used them to finance the daily living expenses of the family, and about 32% to pay school fees for family members, and about 23% for medical expenses. The use of transfers to pay off family debts, saving or investment came in the fourth and fifth rank, about 7% of these transfers were for the purpose of building a family home.
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| 653 |
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|a الكفاءات البشرية
|a الهجرة الدولية
|a دوافع الهجرة
|a مصر
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| 700 |
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|a عبدالجواد، رباب كمال
|e م. مشارك
|9 698929
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| 700 |
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|9 698928
|a حبيشي، علي
|e م. مشارك
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| 773 |
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|4 علم السكان
|6 Demography
|c 002
|e Population
|l 100
|m ع100
|o 0700
|s السكان : بحوث ودراسات
|v 000
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| 856 |
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|u 0700-000-100-002.pdf
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| 930 |
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|d y
|p y
|q n
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| 995 |
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|a EcoLink
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|c 1318354
|d 1318354
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