| المستخلص: |
The most important results of the study: 1- Labor force for females decreased, it reached 4.8 million people in 2020 versus 7 million in 2017. 2- Married females represent the highest percentage of female workers 64.9%, 57.8% in 2017, 2020 respectively. 3- Female paid workers representing the highest percentage among work status in urban as it reached 67.4% in 2020 compared to 63.2% in 2017. 4- Female employment rate decreased between 2020 and 2017 in both urban and rural areas, and the lowest percentage was in the age group (15- 19 years), it reached 1.6 % in 2020 compared to 6.8% in 2017. 5- The highest percentage of female workers concentrated in private sector during the study period, it reached 55.7% in 2020 compared to 67.1% in 2017, followed by the government sector, reached 41.8% in 2020 versus 30.3% in 2017. 6- 80.7% of female workers in the urban private sector work in the formal sector in 2020, while 65% of female workers in the rural private sector work in the informal sector. 7- Percentage of females who have university degree or higher and technical intermediate education increased to (34.1%, 27.8% respectively) in 2020, versus (26.4%, 26.1% respectively) in 2017 which reflects improvement in educational level of female labor force. 8- An increase in the percentage of married women workers increased, it reached 70.6% in 2020 compared to 63.3% in 2017, followed by female workers who have never been married, reaching 16% in 2020 compared to 22.2% in 2017. 9- Female specialists have the first grade in urban areas, reaching 38.9% in 2020 compared to 38.6% in 2017, while female workers in the field of fishing and agriculture have the first grade in the countryside, reaching 33.2% in 2020 compared to 56.8% in 2017. 10- Most of female workers had a permanent work, reaching 80.3% in 2020 compared to 78.1% in 2017, followed by female workers in intermittent work, which reached 11.8% in 2020 compared to 4.7% in 2017, and the lowest percentage is for female workers in seasonal work. It reached 1.1% in 2020 compared to 5.9% in 2017. The highest percentage of unemployed female for a period less than two years was for married woman it reached 1.1% in 2020 compared to 5.9% in 2017. 12- The percentage of unemployed females for a period of two years decreased to three or more and three years for divorced women between 2017 and 2020. 13- The highest percentage of women working in education activity reached 25.7% in 2020, while the highest percentage in 2017 among women working in agriculture and fishing was 36.9%. 14- The highest percentage of female unemployed women at the level of the total Republic was in the age group (20-24 years), reaching 36.2% in 2020 and 39% in 2017.
15- The unemployment rate for females decreased at the level of the total Republic, reaching 17.7% in 2020 compared to 23.1% in 2017. 16- The highest unemployment rates for females at the overall level of the Republic were among those with a university degree or higher, 27.6% in 2020 and 31.3% in 2017. 17- The highest unemployment rate at the total level in 2020 was among the females who married, reaching 68.8% compared to 20.6% in 2017. 18- The percentage of unemployed females for less than a year for all marital cases increased between 2020 and 2017, and the highest percentage of separated females reached 60.4% in 2020 compared to 6.2% in 2017. 19- The percentage of unemployed females at the total level for a period of less than a year reached 44.9% in 2020 compared to 16.1 % in 2017, and for a period of one year and less than two years 42.3% in 2020 and 27.4% in 2017, and for a period of two years and less than three years 7.1 % in 2020, 12.9%, and for a period of three years or more, 5.7%. 20- 26.9% of the total employed individuals have changed their working status, reaching 22.2% for females, compared to 28.2% for males. 21- 91.3% reported that their income has decreased since the emergence of the virus (it reached 82.2% for females compared to 93.3% for males), and it was also found that less than 0.5% their income increased. 22- In-depth analysis indicates that a married woman may have an urgent motive for practical participation four times as long as an unmarried woman to cover spending on basic needs, and the probability of a separated, divorced or widowed woman working twice as much as an unmarried woman, and that probability of employment opportunity for women in urban is less than rural by nine tenths.
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