| المستخلص: |
This study is about the education history in four sultanates and sheikhdoms of South Arabia. We called them emirates since they are called so in a lot of references, and when they were united in 1959, they have also been given the name: "The Union of the South Arabian Emirates". In November 30th of 1967, this area got independent of the British colonialism and has been given the name: "The Fourth Governorate" in the new administrative division. In 1979, this area was known as "Shabwah Governorate" after the ancient city, Shabwah. This study contains an introduction; three historical, political, and educational axes and a conclusion. Axis 1 discusses the political and administrative situation in this area in the colonial period. Axis 2 is devoted to discuss the non governmental education in those emirates. Axis 3 depicts the beginnings of the governmental education in that period. It is worth mentioning that illiteracy was wide spread in all parts of Shabwah Governorate. The first step of education was the establishment of katateeb "Quranic schools" before and during the colonial existence in which students were taught the Holy Quran, reading, writing and the principles of arithmetic, and in some of such schools jurisprudence and Sufism were also taught. These lessons were taken in mosques, teachers' houses, penthouses, bowers, or under the trees. Governmental education began in the 1950s with very limited number of schools. In the year 1966-1967, there were forty five schools, two of them for girls. The elementary schools were of four years, and the intermediate schools were of three years. Curricula were a mixture of Egyptian, Sudanese, and Syrian books. Both local and non-local teachers were chosen from those who graduated from religious institutes or teacher training institutes in Aden and Hadhramout.
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