| المستخلص: |
The prices play a vital and important role, where is an important tool in the formulation of national agricultural plans, as it is economic indicator in the decision-making productivity of farmers through their response to prices, so it became important to identify the response display major crops to price changes, given their importance in making policy decisions that relate to aspects of agricultural production and farm prices, which helps to improve, increase marketing efficiency, achievement of price stability and response of crop demonstration farm. Therefore the current research targeted assessment and analysis of responses of farmers to price farm and some other economic variables during the period (1993-2009) by identifying the most influential factors on the area planted to those, crops, as well as the degree of response of farmers and the time period necessary to achieve this response and the elasticity of supply for each , arid to reach the objectives of the study was using descriptive and quantitative statistical analysis, by applying the method of gradient progress multi Step wise in linear and logarithmic*form functions to estimate some statistical models for measuring the supply response, The study was to assess the function under study to the. data published and unpublished from Central Department of Agricultural Economics, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation. The results of the search aimed to significant annual increase in the value of economic variables specific functions to response, which were represented in both the area planted crop, productivity, price farm, costs, net revenue for all drops of the study (wheat, faba bean, onion, maize, rice, cotton), as well as significant annual decreasing in the value of the beans and cotton area, perhaps due to the sovereign, decisions imposed by the state for cotton cultivation in some areas and hot grown in other areas. The results of the estimation of supply response among the cultivated area in the crop under study in the current year farm price in the previous year and the area in the previous year for each of the wheat, faba bean, onion, maize, rice, cotton, while the value of flexibility in the short term about 0.08, -0.06/ 0.48, 0.10, 0.19, -0.29 for wheat , and faba bean, onion, maize, rice, and cotton, respectively, in return, was flexibility in the long run to 0.22, -0.19, 0.86, 0.09, 0.14, -0.47, respectively, which indicates that the onions more crop has a degree of flexibility. As for the period of response results were as follows 2.78,3.45,1.79, 0.94,0.75,1.56 for each of the wheat, faba bean, onion, maize, rice, and cotton which shows lower the period response of maize, and rice, perhaps due to the possibility of expanding the area planted with each of them in the loop immediately following the same year. The impact of economic variables mentioned above on the area planted each crop turned out to be different from crop to another but the most influential in the farm price,, the cost of feddan, the net return per feddan, the cultivated area of the crop in previous year. The assessment function of supply response of crops under study in the form relative showed results of statistical analysis that the most important factors affecting the area cultivated crop in the current year had been: the percentage of net revenue to the net return of the competitive crop in the previous year, and, the proportion of the costs of crop rival to the cost of the competitive crop in the previous year, and the proportion of the crop price rival for the price of the competitive crop in the previous year. The study found: that the most economic variables with a subsequent impact on crop demonstration under study are the costs of production, both of the crop itself or crop competitive in the session, so the study recommends action to reduce production costs, either through a cooperative role in providing the requirements of farm production at reasonable prices, or provide soft loans to farmers. • The importance of the role played by the Ministry of Agriculture by .research institutes to improve the productivity of some crops or short duration in the ground. • The price variables are the primary determinant and the principal to increase the area of the crops under study more than non-price variables should be a mechanism for the marketing to encourage cultivation of that crops. • Encourage the contract farming system between farmers and destination marketing on the basis of determined price to ensure the marketing of crops.
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