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الرئيسية > تحليل اقتصادي لأثر تحرير سعر ا...>الوصف

تحليل اقتصادي لأثر تحرير سعر الصرف على سياسات إنتاج المحاصيل السكرية في مصر

العنوان بلغة أخرى: An Economic Analysis of the Impact of Exchange Rate Liberalization on Sugar Crops Production Policies in Egypt
المصدر: المجلة المصرية للإقتصاد الزراعي
الناشر: الجمعية المصرية للإقتصاد الزراعي
المؤلف الرئيسي: جريدة، حسن عبدالله محمد (مؤلف)
المؤلف الرئيسي (الإنجليزية): Greda, Hassan Abdullah
مؤلفين آخرين: صالح، عادل محمد عبدالوهاب (م. مشارك)
المجلد/العدد: مج30, ع3
محكمة: نعم
الدولة: مصر
التاريخ الميلادي: 2020
الشهر: سبتمبر
الصفحات: 691 - 712
ISSN: 1110-6832
رقم MD: 1484224
نوع المحتوى: بحوث ومقالات
اللغة: العربية
قواعد المعلومات: EcoLink
مواضيع:
السياسات الضريبية | المواسم الزراعية | الفجوة الغذائية | الكفاءة الإنتاجية | صناعة السكر
كلمات المؤلف المفتاحية:
المحاصيل السكرية | مصفوفة تحليل السياسات | قصب السكر | بنجر السكر | أرباح مالية | أرباح اقتصادية | تحويلات المخرجات | تحويلات المدخلات | Sugar Crops | Policy Analysis Matrix | Sugar Cane | Sugar Beet | Financial Profits | Economic Profits | Output Transfers | Input Transfers
رابط المحتوى:
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المستخلص: تعتمد صناعة السكر في مصر على محصولي قصب السكر وبنجر السكر، وتتمثل مشكلة البحث في أن إنتاج السكر في مصر يجابه عدد من الصعوبات أهمها وجود فجوة غذائية في السكر يتم تغطيتها بالاستيراد من الأسواق الخارجية بالتزامن مع بعض المخزون الراكد محليا مع عدم استقرار الأسعار العالمية للسكر قد ينتهى إلى إغراق السوق المحلى بواردات السكر بما يضر بالصناعة الوطنية، أيضا تراجع نسبة مساهمة قصب السكر في إنتاج السكر المحلى لصالح بنجر السكر، واستهدفت الدراسة التعرف على السياسات التي تعتمدها الدولة تجاه منتجي محصولي قصب السكر وبنجر السكر من حيث كونها سياسة حمائية أم سياسة ضرائبية وأثر تحرير سعر صرف الجنيه عليها، وقسمت إلى فترتين قبل وبعد تحرير سعر الصرف، ومن أهم النتائج التي توصلت إليها الدراسة أن إنتاج قصب السكر يتمتع بميزة مطلقة على إنتاج بنجر السكر خلال الفترتين وإنتاجه أكثر كفاءة في استخدام وتوظيف عناصر الإنتاج خلال الفترتين وفقا للموسم الزراعي، بينما إنتاج بنجر السكر أكثر كفاءة خلالهما وفقا للقياس شهريا، كما أن منتجي قصب السكر كانوا يدفعون لعناصر الإنتاج القابلة للمتاجرة أسعارا أقل من نظائرها بالأسعار العالمية خلال الفترة الأولى وخلال الفترة الثانية كانوا يدفعون لتلك لعناصر أسعارا أعلى منها وتحولوا إلى دفع ضرائب ضمنية بحوالي بعد تحرير سعر الصرف، أما منتجو بنجر السكر فقد تلقوا دعما خلال الفترتين، وتحمل منتجي كلا المحصولين ضرائب ضمنية على استخدام الموارد المحلية خلال الفترتين. وأوصت الدراسة بخفض أسعار مستلزمات الإنتاج المحلية والقابلة للتجارة ورفع الضرائب الضمنية عنها، ووضع سعر عادل لتوريد قصب السكر وبنجر السكر وإعادة تقييم سياسة الدعم المباشر وغير المباشر التي نقصت بعد تحرير سعر الصرف والحظر المؤقت لاستيراد السكر للحفاظ على الصناعة الوطنية.

The study aimed to identify the effect of liberalizing the exchange rate of the Egyptian pound on the policies adopted by the state towards the producers of sugar cane and sugar beet crops. in terms of being a protectionist policy or a tax policy aimed at collecting direct or indirect taxes from producers during the study periods before and after liberalizing the exchange rate of the pound. and comparing The effect of these policies on the production of the two crops during them. and drawing conclusions with the aim of improving the conditions. environment and productive policies of sugar crops. using the indicators of the policy analysis matrix. indicators of absolute competitiveness. relative competitiveness. and standards of economic protection. The study was divided into two time periods. the first period (2014-2015). which refers to the two years preceding the year of exchange rate liberalization in November 2016. and the second period (2017 2018). which refers to the two years following the year of exchange rate liberalization. Among the most important findings of the study: The financial profit criterion indicates that the absolute advantage of both crops is higher during the second period. and the sugarcane production has an absolute advantage over the sugar beet production during the two periods according to the agricultural season and the average monthly profits. and the economic profits criterion indicates that the production inputs are used more efficiently during the second period. After the liberalization of the exchange rate in the production of the two crops. and that the production of the sugarcane crop is more efficient in using and employing the production elements during the two periods according to the agricultural season. the production of the sugar beet crop is more efficient in using and employing the production elements during the two periods according to the monthly economic profits. The criterion of transfers of tradable inputs indicates that sugar cane producers were paying lower prices for tradable production components than their counterparts at world prices during the first period before the exchange rate liberalization by about 2%. meaning that they received subsidies with that percentage. and during the second period they were paying for those items at higher prices than Their counterparts at world prices and switched to paying implicit taxes of about 2% after the exchange rate liberalization. As for the sugar beet producers. they paid lower prices for tradable production components than their counterparts at international prices. meaning that they received support during the first and second periods by about 10% and about 9%. respectively.

Environmental and social impact: The criterion of economic profits indicates that the production inputs are used more efficiently during the second period after the liberalization of the exchange rate in the production of the two crops. and that the production of the sugarcane crop is more efficient in using and employing the production elements during the two periods according to the agricultural season. However. the production of the sugar beet crop is more efficient in The use and employment of production elements during the two periods according to the monthly economic profits. so the area planted in the first should be preserved and the second supplemented with less water consumption should be expanded. as the cultivation of sugarcane in Egypt is largely concentrated around the sugar factories in Upper Egypt. representing about 77% of the cane area Sugar in Egypt and Central Egypt is about 15%. followed by the Delta by about 8%. the economy in Upper Egypt depends heavily on it. as about 200.000 families depend on sugar cane production. and given the average family size of 5.3 people. more than a million people depend directly on sugar cane production. another 300.000 families depend on auxiliary businesses to produce sugar. The reed is interested in the stability of its industry Recommendations and implementation mechanisms: Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation: Sugar cane and sugar beet are among the strategic crops that Egypt needs. The study recommends preserving the areas planted with sugar cane and expanding the cultivation of sugar beet. Reducing the prices of traded production inputs and raising the implicit taxes on both chemical fertilizers. seeds and pesticides. as well as the costs of local resources that include land services. machine work. human work. municipal fertilizer and other expenses for sugar cane producers. and increasing subsidies for sugar beet producers. Ministry of Supply and Internal Trade: The study recommends setting a fair price for the supply of sugarcane to preserve the cultivated areas and reassessing the policy of direct and indirect support for sugarcane farmers. which shrank greatly. especially after the liberalization of the exchange rate. as the nominal protection factor for the outputs and the standard of net transfers of the sugarcane crop decreased after the flotation while the producers lost Sugar beet crop subsidy after the exchange rate liberalization. Ministry of Commerce and Industry: With regard to the dilemma of synchronization and duplication of stagnant stocks and the food gap. and the support of some countries in the production and export of sugar. the study recommends confronting the policies of dumping the local market with white sugar from the global market with a temporary ban on importing it in order to preserve the national industry in light of the fluctuations of world sugar prices while monitoring the stock through methods. Modern Information Technology and Intervention to lift the temporary ban long before the stock falls below the safe limit. and it is also recommended to improve and update production methods. Production lines and packaging to ensure that consumer demand for the national product increases and replaces the imported product.
ISSN: 1110-6832

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