| المستخلص: |
The study of the lives of some constituents that settled within Islamic countries is a tangled and thorny issue, due to the ambiguity that shrouded their lives on the one hand, and the neglect of Arab Islamic sources and orientalists from focusing on the affairs of these minorities, whether in terms of studying their political and military lives or in terms of shedding light on the aspects of their social, urban, economic and intellectual activities and work. Attention was only paid to studying the political and military matters that dealt with Islamic states, their rulers and the course of their events in particular. Among these minorities, the reader comes across the Turkish-Turkmen clans that lived on the borders of the Islamic State. These inhabitants were almost known by Muslims, both at the beginning of the Islamic conquests and with the arrival of the Abbasid state to power (132 AH / 750 AD). These Turkish subjects differed in terms of appellations according to historical eras and sources. As for the original homeland of these Turkic Turkmen, there is almost a consensus among the sources that they came from Central Asia. The friction between Muslims and Turks began with the first Islamic conquests during the reign of the Rashidun Caliph Umar bin Al-Khattab, but contact continued with the Umayyad caliphate. These “contacts” were in the form of mutual invasions, the primary purpose of which was to carry the Islamic call and convert others to Islam. With the advent of the Abbasid Caliphate, relations with the Turkish Turkmen tribes took on a different dimension, as these minorities began to enter and infiltrate the areas of influence of the Caliphate state at a strong pace, whether for commercial purposes and the exchange of goods, or through military skirmishes through hit-and-run. Then they began to enter and settle throughout the State, reaching stability and taking control of the government's affairs. Through this research, I will try to shed light on their original homeland, the origin of the name and the beginning of their contact with Muslims.
|
