| المستخلص: |
This study aims to elucidate the biomechanical differences between elite athletes specializing in Kumite and Kata, two distinct disciplines within karate. By examining ground reaction forces during technique execution, we seek to identify variations in movement patterns and performance characteristics that can inform tailored training strategies. Kumite involves dynamic combat with rapid, forceful movements, while Kata focuses on the precise execution of prearranged forms. Understanding the biomechanical distinctions between these disciplines provides insights into their specific performance demands and training requirements. Elite Kumite and Kata athletes were analyzed using a force platform to measure ground reaction forces under three conditions: attack on target, technique without a target, and maximum power execution. Key metrics included force spectra, reaction times, and balance quality. Kumite athletes displayed pronounced peaks in their force spectra, corresponding to stages of weight transfer, attack, and return phases. The data revealed significant variability in force spectra across conditions, with more pronounced peaks under target stimulation and at maximum power, and an average reaction time of 0.42 seconds. Conversely, Kata athletes exhibited less pronounced and more consistent force spectra across conditions, with superior balance quality and a slightly slower average reaction time of 0.53 seconds. The study reveals significant biomechanical differences between Kumite and Kata athletes, emphasizing the need for specialized training approaches tailored to the unique demands of each discipline. These insights contribute to optimizing training strategies, enhancing performance, and reducing in jury risk in martial arts. Further research is suggested to explore additional factors influencing performance and their broader applications across various sports.
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