| المستخلص: |
The world is on the verge of a freshwater crisis, which threatens to exacerbate the global security crisis, through the outbreak of international conflicts related to transboundary watercourses. To avoid this, it is necessary to adopt and develop the legal and institutional systems regulating these watercourses, so that they constitute a framework for cooperation and dialogue between the riparian states, in order to achieve sustainable development of shared watercourses and rational management of them, in a way that serves their interests; in addition to seeking to resolve disputes that may arise between them over the management and use of the shared watercourse through peaceful means. But in reality, the legal and institutional frameworks regulating transboundary watercourses suffer from fragmentation and variation in provisions and practices, especially with regard to the settlement of disputes. The research discusses the effectiveness of the alternative means of resolving disputes over transboundary watercourses under the international agreements and precedents, as it addresses the pros and cons of resorting to each of these means for resolving this type of disputes, for the purpose of suggesting a mechanism for resolving disputes over transboundary watercourses that are appropriate to the specific nature of these disputes.
The Sultanate of Oman has always adopted a neutral political stance in international conflicts, wither it was the Middle Eastern or internationally. In fact, Oman has no history of deeply rooted conflicts with neighboring countries or anywhere in the world for that matter. This is because it takes every effort to remain politically neutral among its allies, steering clear from all international conflicts that would lead to nothing but death and full or partial destruction of souls and economy. The wise leadership of Oman represented by the deceased Sultan Qabous bin Saeed –may his soul rest in peace- in creating this equilibrium and wise constitution throughout his five decades long reign. Additionally, the country has a magnificent present both politically and historically as it is an esteemed Gulf country with the capacity to be an effective- international law mediator. Furthermore, Oman is one of the biggest oil importing countries while sitting on one of the most important economical routes; the strait of Hormuz in the Arabian Gulf. The inspiring Governor Qabous helped resolved many international conflicts by meditating successfully both in the Gulf and the Middle Eastern fronts. Thus, creating a distinguished Omani ideology for non-violent settlements which has become an ongoing resource for the International Law System to study from and to follow its lead in resolving international conflicts without violence. This research will present this ideology; analyze it and further explore the details to present its deeper meaning and methods in resolving international conflict.
|
