المستخلص: |
تناول البحث دراسة مسألة شرط الضمان على العامل في الحالات التالية: أ- حصول خسارة في رأس المال. ب- تلف رأس المال بلا تعدٍّ، أو تفريط منه. ج- تلف رأس المال بتعديه وتفريطه. د-مخالفة إذن رب المال في خصوص التصرف. وقد رجح الباحثان في الحالتين الأولى والثانية فساد الشرط، وصحة العقد؛ لأنه على خلاف موجب العقد، وللمنفعة الزائدة لرب المال؛ فوجب تفويتها، وتصحيح العقد. أما في الحالتين الثالثة والرابعة؛ فالشرط جائز، والعقد صحيح؛ فوجب الالتزام به، وعدم الإخلال بما تضمن من قيود، وإلا وجب الضمان على العامل؛ لأنه بالتعدي يصبح ضمينا لا أميناً، وبمخالفته لأمر رب المال أصبح متعدياً، والمتعدي ضمين.\
This paper tackles the subject matter of stipulation of guaranteeing the worker the capital of al-Mudarabah, which stands for that company contract which combines between capital and labour. The scope of this study is within the following cases. a. Having a loss in the capital. b. The capital is damaged without a negligence or trespass from the worker. c. The capital is damaged due to his negligence or trespass from this party. d. Breaching the permission of capital owner concerning performance. The researcher selects that the condition is invalid, but the contract is valid in the first and second cases. This is for the reason that; the former is against the legal requirements of contract. Hence, it is necessary to relinquish it, and consider the contract as valid. However, both of the condition and contract are valid in the third and forth cases. Consequently, it is a must to fulfil the terms and conditions of the contract. Otherwise, the labourer is liable. This is because he becomes responsible by trespassing and not volunteer. Thus by working against the will of the owner, he trespasses, which makes him liable.
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