| المستخلص: |
1- Crude participation rate was 49% for males and 15.6% for females in 2013, while the revised participation rate was 79.2% for males, and 24.7% for females in the same year. 2-Economic dependency ratio increased from 205.4% in 2005 to 206.3% in 2013. 3-Aged participation rate has the curve shape, it decreases in the young age (15-19) with 25.8% for males, and 7.5% for males, females while it increases for youth with the highest rate 98.7% for males (35-39 years),and 33.8% for females (30-34 years). Gradually, this rate decreases to reach the minimum value at age 65 years for both female and males. 4-The most employed females are permanent with percentage 82.8%, and 6.7% of them are temporary. On the other hand, 74% from the employed males are permanent, 20% of them work intermittently, while 5.3% of them are temporary. 5-Generally, the work quality indicators increase for female wage workers comparing to male wage workers, because females do not accept working in unfit work environment comparing to males. 6-Factors workers and machine operators have the highest average weekly work hours (56 hours). At the same time, they get the minimum weekly wage (438 L.E). On contrary, legislator’s senior officials and managers have the minimum average weekly work hours (51 hours). At the same time, they get maximum weekly wage (1822 L.E). 7-Unemployment rate clearly increased after 2011, it had the highest rate 13.2% in 2013, while the lowest rate was 8.7% in 2008. 8-Generally, unemployment rates increase among females comparing to males. Also, unemployment rates increase in the urban regions comparing to the rural regions in all Egypt, such that the urban governorates had the highest unemployment rate 18.6% with 30.2% for females and 15% for males in 2013. 9-Males had the highest unemployment rate 9.8% in 2013, but they had the lowest unemployment rate 4.9% in 2010. On the other hand, females had the highest unemployment rate 25.1% in 2005, but they had the lowest unemployment rate 18.6% in 2007. 10- 60.7% of unemployed females and 39.3% of unemployed males spent 3 years or more as unemployment period.
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