| المستخلص: |
Islam has entered to Africa since the beginning of Dawa (Missionary activity of Islam) and its predictions before Hijra (immigration of the Prophet) when some Muslims of Mecca were sheltered by Negus of Al-Habasha now Ethiopia as it is known about the first Hijra. Islam entered to an-Najashy Egypt since about 27 AH and there was an indication of Islam in Sudan since about 31 AH in Dankala Mosque which mentioned in the treaty which held between Copts , Abdullah bin Abi Sarh and the King of Dankla Al-Nubi. The proliferation of Islam has resulted to the collapse of Elwa Kingdom after nearly two and half centuries, then Islam established a state in Africa after about thirteen years of the breakdown of Andalusia in the hands of the Europeans. Islam prevailed north Africa since the mid of Hijri first century, it began to proceed from the deep Africa and ended by the establishment of the Islamic states in Ghana (from the fourth - seventh ,AH century),Mali (seventh, tenth century AH), and Islam extended to most of middle and west states of Africa as currently known as Nigeria, Niger. Cameron. Central African Republic , Chad etc. Islam had widely spread in the Horn of Africa exactly in Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia. Mozambique, and neighbouring countries in South Africa. It was extensively mentioned in the middle of twentieth century that there are two Muslims out of three African people, Muslims felt that Africa is an Islamic continent. Actually , Islam was rapidly spreading in Africa as mentioned by some observers. Due to the importance of ancestry for Arabs in pre-Islamic era , whenever the society members had neither dignity , nor pride only their tribe which could protect and shelter them. Accordingly the tribal tradition was suitable for nature of their lives’ in such society where they were living in; the tribe severed as a social and political unity for them. The ancestry was the core that gathers every tribe and a strong link through which a tribe members are communicated. However, when Islam came, attention and respect are sustainably paid to ancestry. Islam pursued on the unity of the tribes as long as they are useful for Missionary activity of Islam Dawa. A greater attention had been paid to the tribes during the era of Caliphs. The tribe became the basis for organizing the administration and distribution of revenues to the tribes by virtue of the Caliphs knowledge in tribes. This research deals with Hausa tribe which is located in west Africa , I shed light on their origin country , the reason for their nomination, their tribal origin and their social life i.e., their food, fashion, sport exercises, marriage tradition and their language. This research approaches the way they converted to Islam and their relationship with the some other tribes. Despite the lack of resources, we drew upon a set of sources and bibliographies that are specialized in Africa, hopefully they meet the requirements of this research.
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