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إن ضبط الراوي -وهو قدرته على حفظ الحديث- يعد شرطا من شروط الحديث الصحيح، وناقل الأخبار عن المصطفى إما أن يكون حافظا يحدّث من حفظه، وإما أن يكون حذرا محتاطا لبلاغاته, فهو حافظ وله كتاب يحِّدث منه، وبذلك يكون قد جمع بين حسنين، وإما أن يكون ضابطا لكتابه، وثلاثتهم روايتهم مقبولة، ولكن ظهر نوع من الرواة صاغ لهم أئمة الجرح والتعديل عبارات تشير إلى أنهم أحيانا يحدثون من حفظهم, وأحيانا يحدثون من أصولهم، فإن حدثوا من حفظهم بدا ضعفهم وعدم تمكنهم من الضبط, وإن حدثوا من أصولهم التي دونوا فيها مسموعاتهم من شيوخهم, بدا ضبطهم وحفظهم للحديث، فقام البحث على بيان أهمية الضَّبْط في قبول الحديث وما يتعلق به، وجمع نماذج من هذا النوع من الرواة، للوقوف على بعض أسباب اختلال الضبط، وبعض العبارات المستخدمة من قبل أئمة الجرح والتعديل, للإشارة إلى مثل هذا النوع من المحدثين، ومن ثم تنزيل هؤلاء الرواة منازلهم جرحا وتعديلا، وإلى أي مدى أثر هذا الأمر على مروياتهم.
This current paper investigates a selection of hadith narratorsin relation to their precision, which is one of the main qualities in determining the overall grading of a hadith.If the narrator pertains to memorization in his narration, then the hadith is weak and unreliable; and if he pertains to writing in his narration, then the hadith is authentic and reliable. The precision (al-dˁabt) of the narrator of hadith is one of the main conditions that are required in any hadith to be authentic and reliable. The precision of a hadith narrator in transmitting the sayings of Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) is of three types; the first is pertaining to memorization, the second is pertaining to writing and the third is combining both memorization and writing. Precision in memorization (dˁabt al-sˁadr) refers to the ability of the narrator to retain the specified information, recalling and conveying it as well. Precision in writing (dˁabt al-kitab) is the preservation of the written information from the time it was heard until its transmission. Narration based on precision in both memorization and writing at the same time is the best type of narration. All these three types of narrators’ narrations are accepted. Nevertheless, there is a fourth emerging type of narrators which are referred to by the discrediting and accrediting (al-jarћwa al-taȝdil) Muslim scholars who evaluate the narrators of hadith, as relying in their narration to memorization at some times, and at other times on their writings, bearing in mind that their main proficiency is pertaining to writing. Hence, when they narrate pertaining to memorization, their weakness occurs and their precision is questioned. On the other hand, when they pertain to writing, where they registered what they heard from other narrator scholars, then their narration is precise and reliable. In accordance, this study aims to shed light on the importance of studying hadith narrators’ precision, as it is crucial in recognizing the authenticity of a hadith or its weakness. This study focuses on this last type of narrators by selecting some of them and investigates the reasons behind the deficiency of their precision. It further looks at how the Muslim scholars of discrediting and accrediting (al-jarћwa al-taȝdil) describe the standing of each narrator. This helps in classifying each narrator’s trustworthiness and reliability accordingly. The study further shows to what extent such classification affected the acceptability of these narrators’ narrations.
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