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The paper sets out to discuss the evidences illustrating both 'azimah (what Allah legislates of general rulings) and rukhsah (dispensation) with regards to a single legislative matter and the effect of this on the actions of the mukallaf (legally accountable person). The paper comprises the following: The first issue The first issue discusses the concepts of 'azimah and rukhsah, the reasons underlying rukhsah, and the relationship of each of 'azimah and rukhsah to the legal ruling. The second issue The second issue examines the legal texts illustrating 'azimah and rukhsah with regards to acts of worship and cites evidentiary inferences from Quranic and Sunnah texts. The third issue This issue comprises the application of legislative texts dealing with 'azimah and rukhsah to the actions of the mukallaf with the intention of learning the juristic rulings associated with those actions. Cited examples include such issues as: - Taharah (purification) and the rukhsah to perform tayammum (dry ablu¬tion). - Prayer and the rukhsah to shorten the four rak'ah (cycle) prayer when trave¬ling. - Fasting and the rukhsah to break the fast, whether the mukallaf is ill or traveling, or is a woman who is pregnant or nursing. - Pilgrimage rites with reference to the maxims of "lifting hardship" and "hardship begets ease" especially those related to the spatial miqat of ih- ram, the fidyah (compensation) for shaving the head, standing at Arafat and stoning. The paper concludes that Islamic legislation is distinguished in that its legis¬lative texts from the Quran and Sunnah illustrate both 'azimah and rukhsah with relation to a single legislative matter. This means that while Islamic law obliges a mukallaf to observe 'azimah, it relieves the hardship that is beyond his capacity to bear based on the principle of removing difficulties and hard¬ships.
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