| المستخلص: |
1- Labor force for females increasing from about 5.5 million people in 2008 to about 6.4 million in 2013, also the annual change rate of the female labor force increasing in urban (21.4%) compared to rural (13.2%). 2- Percentage of females who have technical intermediate education increased to (30.5%), university degree or higher (28.6%) of females labor force compared to percentage of illiterate (28.2%) in 2013 which reflects improvement in educational level of female labor force. 3- Female paid workers representing the highest percentage among work status as it reached 39.3% in 2013 compared to 40.9% in 2008. 4- Female participation rates in economic activity increasing in 2013 compared to 2008 for most age groups. 5- The highest percentage of female workers concentrated in private sector during the study period (2008-2013), reaching about 60% of the total workers, followed by the government sector, reached about 37% in the same period. 6- Percentage of female workers who have technical intermediate education and university degree or higher increased to (25.6%, 24.9% respectively) in 2013 compared to (24%, 22.8% respectively) in 2008, which reflects improving women educational level. 7- Female workers in agriculture sector have the first grade in rural reaching to 59.7% in 2013 versus 69.4% in 2008, while in urban the percentage of female workers in other occupations is higher compared to rural. 8- Most of female workers in 2013 had a permanent work by 83% of the total female workers, followed by seasonal female percentage (8.5%); the lowest percentage for intermittent work was 2%. 9- Percentage of female workers in informal sector reached to 77.7%, which is equivalent to more than three times of formal sector female workers (22.3%) in 2013. 10- Percentage of female workers who have a legal contract reached to 45.1% of total female workers, and the participants in health insurance reached to 44% in 2013. 11- Unemployment rate for females increased to 24.4% in 2013 compared to 19.3% in 2008, also age group (20-24 years) represents the highest rate of female unemployment by 55% in (2008 ,2013). 12- Unemployment rate for females recorded the highest rate for those have technical intermediate education and university degree or higher. (34%) for university degree or higher in 2013 compared to (25.6%) in 2008, while percentage of who have technical intermediate education reached about 36% in the same period. 13- The percentage of unemployed female for a period less than one year was 8.6% of the total unemployed females, and 30.7% of them are unemployed for a period ranging from one year to less than three years while 60.7% of them are unemployed for three years or more in 2013. 14- In-depth analysis indicates that probability of employment opportunity for married woman increase twice compared to unmarried women, probability of employment opportunities for women in age group (35-49 years) is about seven times the women in the age group (15-34 years), and also probability of work for women in age group (50-64 years) is about fifteen times the women in age group (15-34 years). 15- There is a lack in decent work indicators by a large percentage in private and investment sector, but they are available dramatically in government and public sector. 16- 97% of women who working in governmental sector and 89% of women working in private sector do not have the desire to change their work. 17- 75.6% of women working in private and investment sector have permanent work, 94.3% have not health insurance, 89% have not social security. Compared to, 94% of women working in government and public sector have a permanent work, 96% of them have health insurance and 96.5% have social security. 18- 8.7% of women working in private and investment sector does not have formal nomination, 51.9% haven't legal contract. In contrast, the government and public sector provides official appointment for 85% of working woman that work with these sectors.
|
