| المستخلص: |
The demographic distribution of ABO blood group system varies according to the geographical region. This variation is due to genetic inheritance. However, there is increasing evidence that endemic infections are enhanced by ABO blood group as an external factor. It can lead to the death of a large number of people who are sharing one specific antigen structure. Recent studies that investigated the relationship between ABO blood group and endemic infections were utilized,through the use of electronic search, to reveal some association between such group and infections. Vibrio cholera and Escherichia coli are causing a severe form of diarrhea affecting the O blood group more than others. This is due to the outpour of fluid from intestinal cells as a result of their toxin. Both pathogens share a similar toxin directed to GM1 receptors. The toxin also has the ability to bind to the carbohydrate antigens A and B in a stronger way than to the H antigen. This binding interferes with the binding to GM1 receptors leading to less toxic effect. The results obtained from three different studies indicate that blood group O individuals suffer from a more severe form of diarrhea than the rest of ABO groups do. Helicobacter pylori also has the ability to bind to focosylated blood groups especially H antigen and Lewis b. This binding takes place in gastric mucin which is rich with blood groups. Binding to gastric mucin facilitates the colonization of the pathogen as a first step for infection. The results show that individuals with O and A blood groups are more susceptible to infection than B and AB blood groups. Plasmodium falciparum is known as the leading cause of death in human. Although all blood groups are susceptible to infection by plasmodium falciparum, the severity of the disease varies among ABO blood groups. The severity of the infection increases with the increase in rosette and sequestration. The results show that blood group O individuals are protected by less rosette formation as well as less sequestration.
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